The Uses and Gratification Theory Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

The Uses and Gratification Theory - Case Study ExampleIn previous eras, the main sources of diversion for people tended to be festivals dedicated either to harvesting or in praise of ane theology or an other(a). In the western perspective, this came to be replaced by theatre and with the modern age came the development of picture and the television networks which continue to offer a wide variety of visual entertainment. The advancement in engine room has increased the demand for entertainment from individuals, and because of the wide variety of entertainment being offered, it is not a move that many of the entertainment companies involved are competing heavily to capture audiences. Because of this, the audience has gained great process in controlling the type of media they would like to see to it, and this butt end be likened to the individuals lifestyle as wellhead as mindset (Napoli, forthcoming). From the very beginning of the development of media, the main question that has concerned the developers is whether the media has any influence on the audience. It has been proven that different types of media fucking influence the audience, so that in some cases when an individual sees an quote of a product on television, he or she will likely purchase the product. On the other hand, there are those of the view that media has no great influence on its audience since it is they who choose what to honour (Allison, 2006). This article makes a focus on the motives behind the choice of a particular media type as a basis of the Theory of Audience especially uses and Gratification theory. In the past few decades, the purpose and development of the internet have revolutionized the lives of many people in the world and one would argue that it is one of the biggest developments in mass media. Every decade of the twentieth century presented its own theories concerning media communication, and while at the beginning, it was sentiment that media had an effect on the audience, later with the advancement in media communication, researchers found that audiences only used media for their own improvement (Rossi, 2002). Theory of Audience Uses and Gratifications Katz first proposed the theory of Uses and Gratification and the notion behind this theory is, it focuses on a question of why and how people use particular media. In contrast to the effect model view which is what media do with people, U & G is considered as a broader aspect among media researchers who are more concerned close to finding what people do with a media (Chandler,1994). This theory is contradictory to the older approach of Audience of a passive group. This theory views the audience as an active group which means individuals have power and selects that media text that best suits her needs and her attempts to satisfy the needs. This theory represents the use of media in terms of gratification of social or psychological need of the individual. This theory shifted the approach of gratification from the functional paradigm to social sciences (Katz, Blumler and Gurevitch, 1974).Gratification can be derived from three distinct sources which are media content, exposure, and social content. The mass media compete with other sources of gratification, but gratifications can be obtained from a averages content (e.g. watching a specific program), from familiarity with a genre within the medium (e.g. watching soap operas).

US company expanding to Italy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

US company expanding to Italy - Research Paper ExampleMostly, foreign businesses argon exploited through regulations, practices and laws that are ordinarily protective of the local businesses. These are the challenges that a U.S. firm expanding to Italy will face as it tries to gain reasonableness and remain competitive in foreign environment.U.S. business regulations do not discriminate against small or large corporations as they are all subject to the same regulations. The country has a host of laws that modulate business in the country and must be adhered to by any business. Employment and labor laws are stringent in how they regulate treatment of employees by businesses. These laws cover every aspect of employees relations. Further, the laws keep on changing as the government and labor bodies continue to protect employees more. The first labor law is tokenish Wage Law which sets the least possible wage for workers of every category. Other laws include Fair tire Standards de fend, Equal Opportunity Employment, Employee Retirement Income warranter Act and many other laws that regulate employees welfare. The Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) seeks to make sure that every employee receives retirement benefits according to her own choice (Cihon & Castagneria, 2013).The Immigration and Nationality Act prevents any business from discriminating against any U.S. citizens. Advertising and marketing laws are also stringent on businesses activities. The Federal Trade Commission ensures that business comply with these laws. The laws are intended to safeguard consumers interests, while defend them from scrupulous business who cheat through advertising and marketing. Businesses are required to give the truth in adverts, to enable Americans make purchasing decisions well. Failure to comply with these laws attracts lawsuits and heavy fines. The advertisements must not be unsportsmanlike to competitors. Privacy law is another major business law that aff ect running of

Memphis Design Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Memphis Design - Assignment ExampleMemphis emerged in the winter of 1980 as a case of a joint approach by Scottsass, Mendini, Alchymia and Branzi.The development of the Memphis design began between 1977 and 1978. The lamps and the Memphis furniture were the first designs to be established though they were considered inconsistent. Memphis had to improve on the original products, and certain innovative measures had to be established. The innovation of nontextual matter was one of the improvements that were affected by Memphis. Technical drawings, lamp manufacturer development of ceramics, manufacture of fabrics and invention of untested shaping covers (Radice 35-37).Memphis reflected on the period it emerged based on the individual designs, materials and the need to develop new approaches. Most of the products and materials at the time did not have a reflection of the period and a change was required to sharpen the development of new designs.Memphis has a number of products that a re quaint and exhibit a number of unmatched features. The furniture is one of the most favorite products that Memphis produces. The furniture is a favorite because they are manufactured using unique designs that make them stand out from the rest of the materials (Radice 141-145). Consequently, the colors utilise in chairs give a unique impression to the products. Another favorite product is the lamp that is manufactured in different designs. Unique materials much(prenominal) as metal bars manufacture the design of the lamps. There are different colors used for the lamps that provide a classic illumination to the surrounding space. The bookcase is also a favorite product because it is knowing and painted with unique colors that illuminate the different sections effectively providing a classic and a unique outlook to the product.Memphis was successful to a greater extent in its initiatives and products. Memphis through its designs and materials developed a new approach that woul d

A Multiagency Emergency Response Plan Assignment

A Multi operation Emergency Response Plan - Assignment workoutThis work presents a multiagency emergency response plan. Also, each agency is given a task check to the area of its specialization.This multiagency response plan to terrorism and natural disasters go away make use of the service of topical anaesthetic police department, local residents, FBI Counterterrorism Division, fire and rescue, health department, and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The last agency to be included is the local area administration.Each of these organizations has an important role to play in this plan. outset of all, according to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA, n.d.), a potential crime scene often contains fire and various other hazards.The same is true about natural disasters too. In such cases, it becomes needed to utilize the help of trained people. Here, the service of fire and rescue service will be useful. Secondly, in the case of a terrorist threat, entering int o the area requires special expertise as the weapons of terror range from explosives, poison, chemicals, radiological dispersal devices, and biological weapons. That means it is necessary to have well-trained people to enter the area. Here, the service of FBI Counterterrorism Division (CTD) will be useful (FBI, n.d.).another(prenominal) important point is the collection of evidence. As FEMA states, physical evidence is the most(prenominal) solid evidence. In order to collect physical evidence in the most appropriate way, it is once again necessary to have the service of FBI-CTD.The third important component is the health department. Any terrorist attack or natural disaster will leave a large number of people wounded. That means it becomes necessary to ensure immediate medical assistance. The inclusion of health department ensures that the injured are properly taken care of in time. This is all the more important in the case of a natural disaster.Another important agency is the lo cal police. According to

Effectiveness of Public Service Announcements Research Proposal

Effectiveness of Public Service Announcements - Research Proposal Example(Erica Weintraub Austina*, 2008) Kiakati deal that use of celebrities croup have many benefits and advantages such as - (Anita Elberse, July 2011) Facilitating the identification of brand by consumers ever-changing the negativity associated with a brand Repositioning a brand Affecting the purchase intentions of the consumers. Celebrities are quicksilver(a) in nature and although promotions through them may increase brand visibility it may also off your brand related to some negative characteristics. (Veer, Becirovic, & A.S.Martin, 2010) Public Service Announcements are designed to inform the hearing about certain aspects or to induce certain behavior in them by the use of mass-media approaches. The most-valuable point in most of the public service announcements is that they are not trying to sell a product. They are trying to sell an idea or a belief system. A PSA which encourages battalion to use public transport system is trying to modify their behavior over a longsighted period of time. Making a person buy soap is entirely different from making him do a grumpy topic again and again. (Dan Werb1, 2011) We will try to analyze through this research how strong the use of popular celebrities or respected spokesperson is in creating the final attitude alter in the target listening of the PSA. all celebrities responsible for just bringing in the crowd or can they help PSA in the same way they help the FMCGs. Consumers tend to copy their icons and use the products preferred by them will they also follow their lead in changing their attitudes towards a particular thing or is it too personal to be affected by a celebrity. We will analyze this particular aspect of PSAs in the research paper How effective is the use of celebrities for bringing about the attitude change desired by PSAs. Literature review Some properties such as likeability of the celebrity , expertise , trustworthines s and similarity causes a celebrity endorser to become a cause of persuasive information to the audience and also ends up creating a sense of certainty and encourages the user to try the product or the service. toleration of a message by a receiver can be influenced by celebrity endorsers as people consider them to be believable sources of information about a product. The balance theory principles stress the creation of an emotional yoke between the observer and the endorser. This emotional relationship also creates and emotional connect between the audience and the cause. Is this fact also true for a cause espoused by the PSAs? Will a celebrity help in creating an emotional connect of the user with the cause. McGuire (1998) has created a very effective enter output matrix for creating effective public service announcements. Along the input axis are serious aspect of the message such as source, message factors, channel factors, receiver factors and finally target behaviors at w hich the communication is aimed at. McGuire says that for the PSA to be effective the target audience mustiness have contact with it, must pay attention to it, like it, understand and learn from the content, agree with it, store the information presented by it and get to decisions based on it. (Kang, Cappella, & Fishbein, sep 2009)

The Leader as Communicator Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

The Leader as Communicator - Assignment prototypeAdditionally, diversified styles of talk are needed to meet the demands of effective communication work ates at different levels (Lee, 2012). convention of ideas should not be controversial neither conservative, but it should encourage listeners to equally participate in the communication process. Otherwise, communication will be considered one-sided and balanced communication will be interrupted (Lee, 2012). Moreover, it should be understood that individual communication is considered more than effective than mass communication in context of lead competencies (Lee, 2012). It is because a leader understands cognitive and psychological patterns of his/her team members and individual communication can contribute more effectively to convey communicate and convince team members for a particular mission within the formation (Samovar, Porter, & McDaniel, 2011).For a leader to be a well(p) communicator it is important to understand t he significances of the good communication skills. For good communication skills a leader is needed to develop confidence and an inspiring style during communication process (Decker, 2006). He/she should designed messages strategically that could influence thoughts of the listeners at first attempt. Also, instant response without taking longsighted time to reply also increases the effectiveness of the communication (Decker, 2006). Mostly important a leader should stand an ability to develop a sense of believability in his/her listener because without believability of the listeners content of the message cannot add efficiency in the communication process.Lee, T. (2012, June 9). Core Competencies in Communication for Leadership. Retrieved from Rainbows.typepad