All My Sons by Arthur Miller Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

All My Sons by Arthur Miller - Essay Example This essay will describe how issues of morality and politics affected the main characters, how Miller employed the fundamental elements of drama to create a modern play on par with older Greek tragedies, and some personal observations. As an initial matter, it is important to note that competing political and moral belief systems were instrumental in the development of the main characters. An examination of the father and sons is useful. The father, Joe Keller, was by all accounts a family-oriented man. He loved and provided for his sons. Indeed, as the play demonstrates, Joe believed it to be his highest moral responsibility to take care of and provide material support for his family. Money was important according to his realistic view of the world and of his own role in the world. His sons, Chris and Larry, provide a sharp contrast to the father's philosophical underpinnings. Both are of an idealistic bent. Family, to be sure, is important, but both have deeply ingrained notions of a deeper social obligation to their country and to other individuals in their country. In this case, involving the sale of damaged airplane parts to the United States government, the play was set from the beginning to elicit different and competing responses from the main characters. Joe, as the practical family ma... His sons were Chris and Larry. Other fathers had to worry about their own sons. Chris and Larry, on the other hand, because of their different notions of social obligation and honor, could never accept such a narrowly tailored and self-serving justification. For them, both veterans of WW II, social obligation was a more comprehensive duty which transcended temporary financial windfalls or the isolated survival of an individual family. Sons, from their point of view, might have been defined as American soldiers, as American citizens, or as allies more generally around the world. Because of these broader beliefs in social duty, both were unable to accept their father's complicity in the sale of the damaged parts. Larry committed suicide by crashing his airplane and Chris threatened to abandon his heritage by leaving the factory and his father. In the final analysis, these characters were defined by their views of the world. Their actions and their decisions adhered to these philosophical characterizations and the reader cannot imagine that they could have behaved much differently than Miller scripted them to act. These three are philosophies as much as they are people. 1.2 How Miller Used the Elements of Drama to Effectively Emphasize his Themes This play is nothing if not a tragedy. It is tragic because well-intentioned people suffered tragic fates. Miller highlighted this feeling of tragedy by creating and adhering to a dramatic structure which created both a feeling of empathy and a feeling of disgust. There was empathy for individuals and disgust for certain actions; more particularly, the dramatic structure employed by Miller vested the main characters with believable motivations and their consequent actions with realistic results. The

Deinstitutionalization of the Mentally Ill Essay Example for Free

Deinstitutionalization of the Mentally Ill Essay Deinstitutionalization refers to releasing a mentally or physically handicapped person from an institution whose main purpose was to provide treatment into a community with the intent of providing services through the community under the supervision of health-care professionals. There have been many positive outcomes from deinstitutionalization for both the patients and society but there have also been many drawbacks of deinstitutionalization. Deinstitutionalization is a process which affects the community as a whole and there are many procedures that must be followed in order to see this process follow through successfully (Watnik, 2001). The deinstitutionalization process began in the late 1950’s, early 1960’s. Facilities were financially liable for patients while they were committed, but were able to modify the burden to the federal government by discharging them. A lot of our society believes that the deinstitutionalization process was simply created because of the facilities’ inadequacy of treatment to their patients. Motivated by a concern for the civil rights of patients, deinstitutionalization focused on more rigorous standards for civil commitment and created practical safeguard processes, such as the right to treatment in the least preventive atmosphere (Watnik, 2001). New York dealt with deinstitutionalization in the wrong ways from the beginning. For instance, New York was the only state prior to 1994 that had limitations specifically prohibiting outpatient commitment. In 1994, the legislation passed the Bellevue Pilot Program which was established to helping the deinstitutionalization process. In 1999, New York Governor George Pataki, created Kendra’s Law which was a law that was influenced by the increase rise of mentally unstable individuals hurting and killing other people randomly. Kendra’s Law allows particular individuals (such as family members) to petition the court to obtain an order for a mentally ill person to receive outpatient treatment if that person meets detailed and definite criteria (Watnik, 2001). Kendras Law helps keep track of mentally ill people when they are discharged from any mental or correction facility so that these individuals can better be assisted in locating an outpatient program that suits their needs. In order for New York to combat the ongoing social issues such as homelessness, crime and the spread of communicable diseases, the state has established disbursement prospectuses that include programs and activities provided in community settings. Some of these programs include mental health centers, outpatient clinics, partial care organizations, self-assured community treatment and support programs, consumer-run programs and services provided by state hospitals off hospital grounds. Total community expenses and accomplishments are evaluated by observing residential and nonresidential services. Kendra’s law in addition to the community programs, also helps reach out to the mentally ill community by giving them ongoing support and assistance to helping control their illnesses and keep out of trouble (Watnik, 2001). After reading this article, I found that New York is missing a lot of key point in establishing a deinstitutionalization process. For starters, I believe that there should be stricter laws and regulations directed to mentally unstable individuals that are aimed at encouraging them to remain in outpatient treatment, even if they believe they do not need it. I also think that our society needs to establish more programs aimed at helping these individuals get on their feet financially, emotionally, and physically. Too many people think that they are â€Å"cured† and wind up hurting or killing innocent by passers and this would just be a safe precaution to helping keep our communities safe.

The Temporal Cortex :: Brain Neurology Essays

The Temporal Cortex The temporal cortex, also known as the temporal lobes, is the part of the verbal cortex in the left and right hemispheres of the brain lying inside the temples. In general the temporal lobes handle a wide variety of task that are essential to every day functioning. Patient him/herself The temporal lobes are readily recognizable brain structures with a thumb like appearance when viewed from the side. Their name reflects their location beneath the temporal bone on the side of the head. In some ways, the temporal lobes are more a convenient fiction than anatomical entities. They share borders with the occipital and parietal lobes, but the precise boundaries are not clearly defined by landmarks. A better definition of the anatomical limits of the temporal lobe would come from thalamic and intracortical projections and a functional analysis of the various subunits within the lobe. Because excision of the anterior temporal lobe is often used to help control medically intractable seizure disorders, much of our knowledge of the effects of damage to this area comes from studies of persons with epilepsy (Encyclopedia of the Human Brain). The functions of the temporal lobe are: auditory, ventral visual stream, processing of auditory input, visual object recognition and categorization, long term storage of sensory input, Amygdala (adds affective or emotional tone to sensory input and memories), and Hippocampus (cells code places in space and allow us to navigate space and remember where we are) (www.brain place.com/bp/brain system/temporal.asp). The temporal lobe is separated into two sides: dominate and non-dominate. The dominate side of the temporal lobe is usually the left side and is involved in the perception of words, processing language related to sounds, sequential analysis, increased blood flow during speech perception, processing details, intermediate term memory, long term memory, auditory learning, retrieval of words, complex memories, and visual and auditory processing. A patient who is experiencing dominant temporal lobe problems may be suffering from one or more of the following symptoms: decreased verbal memory (words, lists, stories), difficulty placing words or pictures into discreet categories, trouble understanding the context of words, aggression; internally or externally driven, dark or violent thoughts, sensitivity to slights, mild paranoia, word finding problems, auditory processing problems, reading difficulties, as well as emotional instability (www.brain place.com/bp/brain system/temporal.asp). The non-dominate side of the temporal lobe is usually the

Christian Dior and the House of Dior: Luxury and Brilliant Style Combin

â€Å"When I opened my couture house I decided to dress only the most fashionable women from the first ranks of society.† –Christian Dior Christian Dior impacted fashion by establishing the house of Dior, and creating the New Look in 1947. When Dior created his designs, he looked back on his French country heritage and childhood for inspiration. The House of Dior still incorporates Christian Dior’s past into modern day designs and honors his traditions. (De Racogne) The New Look shocked people out of World War II and austerity and into a new era of elegant fashion. Dior’s New Look made him, the House of Dior, and Paris, the recognized fashion icons, which have also been influential in modern times. The House of Dior is one of the most recognized luxury brands in fashion. Christian Dior, the original genius behind the brand, massively changed the fashion world by introducing his New Look in 1947. His design changed a world of dreariness and sacrifice of World War II into one with a bright future, especially in fashion. Many people loved the gentle curves of the silhouette, emphasizing the women’s hi ps and small waist. The New Look trickled down to the mass markets at a lower cost. Everyone had access to the basic design of the New Look. Even in today’s House of Dior, luxury and heritage is a priority. Monsieur Dior always tied his designs back to his childhood, which designers still do today. Every piece of an outfit has a meaning to it from Christian Dior’s life. Luxury is also supremacy in the House of Dior, much like it was for Mr. Dior. Overall, without Christian Dior, the world may still be in an unfashionable rut. His New Look shocked everyone out of the war and into a prosperous future. His house carries his legacy today. Chr... ...ten work in the garden. Also, when he was older, and needed inspiration, he would visit his summer home to â€Å"be one with nature†. â€Å"Happiness pink† is a term Dior created to describe a light, soft pink. In stands for the color of his childhood home in Granville, which is now a museum. Black, red, and gray are also very common colors, which Dior thinks flatter almost everyone. â€Å"Red is the magical color that has created the strongest link between Dior and Galliano.† Finally, three other common fabrics are houndstooth, Prince of Wales plaid, and lace. (Offices of the House of Dior) Designers must study these stories, in order to create a true Dior-esque collection. Famous lines from the house of Dior are the Zig-zag, in 1948, the Vertical, in 1950, the Tulip, in 1953, the H-line, in 1954, the A-line, in 1955, the Y-line, in 1955, and the Spindle line in 1957. (Krebs)

TIme Between Us Respone

Time Between Us by Tamari Ireland Stone is about a girl (Anna), and boy (Bennett) and their extremely complicated but sweet relationship. Anna and Bennett were never supposed to meet: she lives in 1 995 Chicago and he lives In 2012 San Francisco. But Bonnet's unique ability to travel through time and space brings him into Anna's life, the only reason was to Walt for his sister who got lost In 1995. Although as he runs into Anna, things get even more complicated.He can't help but all for her and she doesn't deny. As their relationship deepens, they face the reality that time might knock Bennett back where he belongs; even as a devastating crisis throws everything they believe Into question. Although in the end Anna makes a choice which changes her past and future and thankfully she makes the right choice so Bennett gets the opportunity to stay In her life. When I opened the book I was expecting to be blown away by another bittersweet tale of love. I guess my expectations were too high because in all honesty I was disappointed. To really restated in the beginning when they wouldn't tell us the whole story and kept us guessing, and like a mystery as much as the next girl but after a while it got tiring and I Just wanted to know what was really going on. I dreaded especially the parts when Bennett kept changing his attitude towards Anna, like one time he liked her and another time he couldn't stand her, those parts really got to me and I felt like throwing the book across the room because it just kept going round and round and not getting to the point.Of course that made sense later on because he was redoing he moment but those first few chapters were torture and it got me extremely confused at times. I also thought they should've told us more about Brooke because as soon as her purpose was fulfilled in the story (to have Bennett travel back to 1965 and run Into Anna), It seemed Like Stone was In a rush to get her out of the picture.I was really disappointed when s he didn't even get mentioned again and when they introduced that she was missing, it had me really excited to find out the more but it didn't extend further than that and I wish it had because that mystery was killing me ND also the part when she supposedly ‘returns' and travels back with Bennett to 2012. Stone Just briefly mention that she has returned and that's it. Full stop. No details of where she had been or Is she was k, because if I was knocked into a completely different decade, I'm sure I wouldn't come back the same person.So I was pretty interested in finding out how she was but sadly Stone did not satisfy my curiosity. This novel changed my views on couples, used to think couples break up over silly things and get back together and the cycle continues, but this story made e think that it's all about choices, if Anna had chosen to spend the summer waiting for him, she would've been dies appointed, but she choose to live her life and that way she would've been happy with or without Bennett and Bennett did eventually come applies to reality as well.Everything depends on the choices we make, for example choosing to go to university, choosing to work hard for a degree, choosing to get a good Job and choosing to be happy. So it depends on the choice you make which determines your future. Vive read similar text like this before (romance) although hat made this one different was that it introduced a fictional problem I never thought couples would have to face. I thought only certain things couples had to deal with but I never imagined time travel would be one of those things.And I'm sure they don't have to face such things in real life but the author wrote it in such a way that it all seemed perfectly believable. Even through time travel was a huge aspect of the novel, I could easily forget that it wasn't actually a normal factor in a relationship. It was a lovely mix of delightful real life relationship problems and fictional issues that pet me hook ed in because this was something new to read about, rather than the common: girl meets boy, lies, secrets, challenges, issues, they work it out in the end, live happily ever after.This had all that but that extra fresh and exciting fictional topic which made it really compelling to read. Near the end of the book when Anna is left feeling sad and broken, (because Bennett left) she goes to her friend's music shop and listens to the songs playing in the background. I really like this part because the lyrics to the song are so exactly relatable to what Anna is feeling. Anna gets so captivated by the song and that all she hear and that use of imagery was something I found very beautifully fitting into this part of the book.I can exactly imagine Anna sitting in an isle of the store collapsed and soaking up the music which is so relatable to here and I can feel her tears falling down as her friend fusses over her trying to figure out what's wrong. The lyrics go so well with the situation: â€Å"Take me to another place, she said Take me to another time†¦ Take me where the whispering breezes†¦ Can lift me up and spin me around. If I could I would, but I don't know how. I'm melting into nothing†¦ I felt that as she heard the lyrics I could see her expressions changing as she recognized the words and as she let them take her over. Even though she didn't tell us directly she was breaking, I could imagine this scene and it explained it all perfectly. The connection to the wider world is that heartbreak is a very common side effect of love which is why it is proven 1 in 3 marriages will end in divorce. It's always complicated weather in books, movies and in reality.It gets confusing and difficult but it's the most magical thing in one's life and Just like Anna and Bonnet's love story love is usually forbidden in one way or another. When Bennett left Anna and she was broken, I felt really bad but I could also relate to her and I'm sure millions of other girl s could too because the connection that her and Bennett had was so deep and suddenly one day you wake and the realization hits you like a tsunami, that it's no more. It's all gone. Millions of people experience this and I think that Stone has done.

Breaking Silence Essay Example

Breaking Silence Essay Example Breaking Silence Essay Breaking Silence Essay Breaking Silence In her article What is Poverty? Joe Goodwin Parker exposes the struggles that families in poverty endure on a daily basis. The idea that herself, as well as her family are in a vicious cycle of poverty in which there is nothing but dreaming for the bare essentials many of us take for granted. Parker argues that she wants people to grasp an understanding of poverty; she emphasizes the challenges of taking care of her children in her position, yet she is stuck, as there are very few that understands the lengths that people in her situation have to endure with limited resources. Parker describes the smell of poverty of being blatantly horrid. A smell in which she has no control over as in order to eradicate the smell she would need to have proper cleansing utensils that in turn costs money. The idea of cleansing oneself seems quite simple to the typical middle class citizen, yet Parker makes it evident that simple is simply not the case for someone in her position proposing: even the cheapest soap has to be saved for the babys diapers (142). She touches on the idea of asking for help (143), a shameful process that involves searching for money whether that be a relative, or a stranger in the hopes that the small amount of pocket change can go towards possibly a Jar of Baseline for her child, or some dish soap. The deterioration of your pride as you eventually start to look at what your life has come to, and the fate that lies ahead: a black future(144), theres nothing you can do but simply praying for something, anything that could be of some use to you and your family. For most, we had preconceived notions of people in poverty. The simple they should get a Job seems a lot easier said than done, Parker asserts l made twenty- woo dollars a week, and a good nursery school costs twenty dollars a week for three children. I quit my Job (142). Shes thrown into a situation in which there is limited opportunity in which she can progress and try to give her family a somewhat of a life. Asking for help is the best she can do, yet as degrading and pathetic as it is for her, its the only thing she has left. Parker illuminates, reminiscing in past events of life where she had all the essential items at her disposal. Happily married and ready to move into the next stages in life, and suddenly it was all stripped of her. The Cubans left, things got worse, and eventually she found herself in a position where the price of a necessity going up by two cents (143) had a strong impact on her life.

Family Relationships Role-Plays English Lesson

Family Relationships Role-Plays English Lesson Using dialogues in class allows students to work on a wide range of skills. Asking students to write up their own role-plays can extend the activity to include written work, creative development, idiomatic expressions, and so on. This sort of activity is perfect for upper-intermediate to advanced level students. This family role-play lesson focuses on relationships between family members. If your students need help developing their family-related vocabulary you, use this exploring relationships vocabulary sheet to provide help. Aim: Consolidate skills through role-play creationActivity: Creation and in-class performance of role-plays related to family relationshipsLevel: Upper-intermediate to advanced Lesson Outline Use this activity as a larger theme-related objective focusing on vocabulary and communication skills related to family relationships.Quickly review the language of compromise. Write helpful phrases and expressions on the board so the students can reference these later in the activity.Pair up students. Ask them to imagine various scenarios that could lead to interesting discussions in the family.Hand out the role-play sheet and ask students to choose a scenario from those provided. If students are not interested in any of the provided role-play situations, ask them to use one of the scenarios they came up with in the warm-up activity.Have students write out their role-play.Assist students checking their grammar, suggesting alternate appropriate phrases and vocabulary.Allow students ample time to practice their role-play. If they can manage to memorize the role-play, the final performance will most likely be much more entertaining and instructive for all involved.Students perform thei r role-plays for the entire class. As a follow-up activity, ask students to choose one of the role-plays they were not involved in and write up a short summary of the conversation. Family Role-Plays Choose a role-play from one of the following scenarios. Write it up with your partner, and perform it for your classmates. Your writing will be checked for grammar, punctuation, spelling, etc., as will your participation, pronunciation, and interaction in the role-play. The role-play should last at least 2 minutes. You are a student at an English institute outside of your country. You’d like your parents to send you some more spending money. Telephone your father (your partner in the role-play) and ask for more money. Your father feels that you are spending too much money. Come to a compromise.You are visiting your cousin (your partner) whom you haven’t seen in a long time. Catch up on all the news from your two families, as well as from your own lives.You are a student who has improved at school, but your mother/father (your partner) doesn’t feel that you have done enough. Discuss together what you can do to improve your grades, but also recognize your increased efforts.You are the aunt/uncle of your partner. Your partner wants to ask you about what life was like with your brother (your partner’s father) when you were both teenagers. Have a discussion about the old times.You would like to get married to a man/woman your parents do not approve of. Have a discussion w ith your mother/father (your partner) about your plans. Try to break the news gently, while still maintaining your desire to get married. You are having a discussion with your husband/wife (your partner) about your son who is having problems at school. Accuse each other of not being a good parent, but try to come to a conclusion that will help your child.You are a technological wizard and have a new idea for a great startup on the internet. Try to convince your father to fund your business with a $100,000 loan. Your partner will be your father who is very skeptical about your idea because he thinks you should be a doctor.

Learn How Many Total Electoral Votes There Are

Learn How Many Total Electoral Votes There Are In the United States, the president and vice president are elected by the Electoral College rather than the popular vote of the people- and, as of April 2018, there are a total of 538 electoral votes. This system of indirect democracy was chosen by the  Founding Fathers  as a compromise between allowing Congress to elect a president and giving potentially uninformed citizens a direct vote.   The history of how that number of electoral votes came to be and the number needed to elect a president is an interesting story. Electoral Votes Background Former U.S. Treasury Secretary  Alexander Hamilton  wrote in Federalist (Paper) No. 68: Nothing was more to be desired than that every practicable obstacle should be opposed to cabal, intrigue, and corruption.  The Federalist Papers, authored by Hamilton,  James Madison, and John Jay, represented an attempt to convince the  states to ratify the Constitution. The framers of the Constitution, and many in leadership positions in the 1780s, feared the influence of the  unwashed  mob. They feared that, if allowed to directly elect the president, the general populace might foolishly vote for an unqualified president or even a despot- or the  masses might be unduly  influenced by foreign governments  when voting for a president. In essence, the Founding Fathers felt the masses could not be trusted. Hence, they created the Electoral College, where citizens of each state would vote for a slate of electors, who theoretically were pledged to then vote for a specific candidate. But, if circumstances warranted, the electors could be free to vote for a candidate other than the one to whom they were pledged. The Electoral College Today Today, each citizens vote indicates which electors he would like to have represent  him during the Electoral College process. Each presidential ticket has a group of designated electors ready to respond should their party win the popular vote of the people during a presidential election, which occurs every four years in November. The number of electoral votes is derived by adding the number of senators (100), the number of members in the House of Representatives (435), and three additional votes for the District of Columbia. (The District of Columbia was awarded three electoral votes with the passage of the 23rd Amendment in 1961.) The total number of electors, then, adds up to 538 total votes. To win the presidency, a candidate needs more than 50 percent of the electoral votes. Half of 538 is 269. Therefore, a candidate needs 270 Electoral College votes to win. More About the Electoral College The total number of electoral votes does not vary from year to year because the number of members of the House of Representatives and the Senate does not change. Instead, every 10  years with the new census, the number of electors shifts from states that have lost population to states that have gained population. Though the number of electoral votes is fixed at 538, there are circumstances that can arise requiring special attention. There is a constitutional process that goes into effect in case of a  tie in the Electoral College.Most states use a winner-takes-all method, where the candidate who wins the states popular vote is awarded the states entire slate of electors. As of April 2018, Maine and Nebraska are the only states that do not use a winner-takes-all system.Because of the way electors are apportioned, the presidential candidate with the most votes by the citizenry does not always win the election and become president. This was the case with  Hillary Clinton, who  won the popular vote by nearly 3 million ballots  in the 2016 presidential election, but  Donald Trump  became president because he  received 290 out of 538 electoral votes, 20 more than the 270 electoral votes he needed to win.

Big Tobacco Sues Feds over Graphic Warnings on Cigarette Labels Research Paper

Big Tobacco Sues Feds over Graphic Warnings on Cigarette Labels - Research Paper Example Congress, 2009). Till 1996, the FDA has no vital role to play as far as the regulation of tobacco products is concerned. It was then controlled through an array of state and congressional legislation. In most of the US States, statues deal with the issue of selling the tobacco products to minors and licensing for its distributions to retailers. In the year 1950, all states had put the ban on sale of tobacco products to minors at that time purchase age varied from state to state (U.S. Congress, 2009). The law in vogue impressed upon the large size tobacco manufacturing companies to disclose publically all the ingredients used in the cigarette manufacturing process. It should also highlight the poisonous contents used in it. The company should refrain from using the mild words just as light or ultra light to dispel the impression of its harm on human body. The bill in force makes the cigarette manufacturers accountable on wooing the adults and children to become addiction of smoking (U .S. Congress, 2009). In the eyes of critics, the promulgated act is effectuate in the sense that it can reduce the nicotine level in the cigarette to some extend rather than wipe it out completely. The affordable level of nicotine may encourage smokers to smoke more. Market restrictions definitely put the hurdles to find out the smoking alternatives to smoke cigarette. In FDA v Brown & Williamson case, the Supreme Court of United States of America held that since the congress had not delegated the authority to FDA to control the damages arising out of the use of tobacco products, therefore to fill the gap and to ensure effective control, Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act came into being. Secondly the former American Administration over acted the delegated power of congress in this respect. As per the Senate bill, health-warning label should cover fifty percent of front and back portions of the package. The word warning thereon should be in capital letter. The number of opposition members in the Senate largely hailing from tobacco cultivating states, supported the ongoing move to discourage the smoking in spite of the facts that they have deep roots in the tobacco industry. In the larger national interest they are ready to afford the financial losses to keep away their children and adults from the bad habits of smoking (Gifford, 2010). In order to have an effective control over the damages of human health they have suggested the following measures to be implemented (U.S. Congress, 2009): 1. FDA should have tobacco control centers at its disposal to regulate the substance, marketing and sale of tobacco products. 2. Importers and tobacco companies should reveal the ingredients of their existing products and get approval from FDA. Approval for any new tobacco product should also be sought from the same authority. 3. FDA should have the authority to change the tobacco substance in any product to lessen could be damages on the body of its users. 4. I t should shun the application of sugar coated definition cigarette, which is contrary to section 3(1) of the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act (Connolly, 2004). New rules are to be introduced to prevent sales through direct channel or to conduct between retailer and consumer in order to curb the eye catching advertising campaign,

Anti-Cemitism in Nazi Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Anti-Cemitism in Nazi Cinema - Essay Example The order from the government was carried out by the filmmakers and two anti-Semitic movies were released in the year 1939 which portrayed them as sub humans. The two most popular movies made during the era are The Eternal Jew and Jew Suss. These two films were released in the period of 1940. The basic ideas of the films were aimed to spread the felling of hatred towards the Jews in the society. In the study below, the analysis of the two movies are done with respect to the portrayal of the anti Semitism. The issues studied in the paper deals with the role play of the movie in the spread of hatred against Jews. The popularity of the movies is considered in dealing with the subject. A critical analysis of the movie is done and elements focusing the Anti Semitism are studied in detail. The characters and their portrayals are given much concern in the subject. The depiction of events and the weaving of the story are analyzed to find out the methods adopted to document the hatred against the Jews. Thesis statement: The Nazis adopted to portray Anti Semitism with the help of movies and movies like the Eternal Jew and the Jew Suss played a crucial role in dealing with the subject. The Eternal Jew: The movie was released in the 1940 as a documentary with its sole aim being the propaganda of the German Nazis against the Jews. The movie was released in the 1940 as a documentary with its sole aim being the propaganda of the German Nazis against the Jews. The film was produced due to the insistence of the German government to spread hatred regarding the Jews and to spread the propaganda that they are evil part of the society. The film was directed by Hippler. The movie was titled as Der ewige Jude in German language which signified the character of Wandering Jew in Medieval folklore. The screenplay of the movie was done by Eberhard Taubert2. The film was released at a time when Poland was occupied by Nazis. The Jews were portrayed as wandering cultural parasite in the mov ie. The film justified the acts of the Nazis against the Jews in their typical fashion by portraying the propaganda that the Jews lead a hedonistic lifestyle. The proclaimed that Jews are like leeches and are filthy and there is no place for them in the society.3 Every possible ways was constructed to prove the unworthiness of the Jews and to virtually eradicate them from the society. Various footages were used in the documentary to support the false views of the Nazis against the Jews. It was literally evident that the German notion of transporting the Jews out of German was carried out and movie was a good idea to spread their ideas as the audience was of considerable number. If considered from this context the movie was apt and perfectly suited for the cause. The message which was tried to be inculcated among the viewers was hateful and simply awful in nature. Considering the creative angle of the movie it was poorly made and the editing was not done in a proper fashion. The Jewi sh people were insulted in every minute of the movie and the documentary focused on the poor and the low income group of Jews who were peasants. The movie composed of series of narration over still pictures, in some part of the movie there unexpectedly long gaps with no speech or dialogues which makes it boring. But considering the audience and the purpose aimed at this acts could be justified. The film can be claimed to be ridiculously a phobia against the Jews. Considering the time frame in which the movie released its significance cannot be overlooked. The

Cell Biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cell Biology - Essay Example Average-sized molecules travel through the gel with different degrees of facility. Electrophoresis is done in a thin vertical slab of polyacrylamide. The course of protein movement is from top to bottom. Protein molecules can be isolated on the basis of their individual mass through use of electrophoresis in a polyacrylamide gel under protein denaturing process. The mixture of protein macromolecules is initially denatured in a homogeneous mixture of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), which is an anionic emulsifier with the ability of disrupting almost all noncovalent interactions in native proteins macromolecules. SDS forms complexes with the denatured proteins which are then subjected to electrophoresis. After the process of electrophoresis, the proteins in the gel are imaged after silver or dye stains are applied. The product is visualized as series of bands. Tiny proteins molecules travel faster through the gel, while bigger molecules of proteins remain at the top where the samples are applied or put. Mobility of most polypeptide chains under these settings is linearly proportional to the logarithm of their mass. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is very fast, sensitive, and has capacity of a high degree of resolution. As tiny as 0.1 Â µg which is equivalent to 2 pmol of a protein produces a discrete band when it is stained with Coomasie blue or less (~0.02 Â µg) can be determined with the use of a silver stain. Protein molecules which vary in mass by about 2% are commonly detected (Berg, et al., 2002). It is essential to detect minute quantities of a specific protein molecule in the presence of several other protein molecules, like for instance the presence of viral proteins in blood circulation. Very minute quantities of a protein molecule of interest concern in a cell or in the human blood can be determined by an immunoassay procedure which is called Western blotting. A sample is subjected to electrophoresis on an SDS-polyacrylamide gel. Blot ting or more commonly called electroblotting moves the resolved protein molecules on the SDS-polyacrylamide gel to the surface of a polymer sheet in order to have the proteins more obtainable during the reaction. A specific antibody for the protein of concern is incorporated to the polymer sheet containing the resolved protein which then forms complexes with the specific antibody. The antibody-antigen complex on the polymer sheet can be determined via rinsing the sheet with the use of a second specific antibody for the first antibody. A radioactive label that is located on the second antibody causes an illumination of dark band on an x-ray film. An alternative procedure using the ELISA method is through the use of an enzyme that is also located on the second antibody which produces a colored product. The use of Western blotting has been a breakthrough in finding a specific protein molecule in a complex mixture of different proteins. Currently, it is not only used as the basis for te sting infection of hepatitis C, wherein it is utilized to determine a core protein of the virus but the technique is also now very purposeful in genetic cloning (Berg, et al., 2002). The objective of this activity is to demonstrate stimulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor-signaling pathway by virtue of SDS-PAGE and Western blotting

Labor Law DB 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Labor Law DB 4 - Essay Example If the employer does not comply with this law and goes ahead to employ an alien, the employer may face both civil and criminal liability. This comes with the imposition of huge fines ranging from $100 to $1000 for each hire. They could as well face imprisonment for a pattern or practice of non-compliance (Aguilera & Michael p 240-1). I highly agree with these consequences. This is because the IRCA is enacted to help solve the problem of the massive illegal immigration into the country. This is together with all the policies behind this law, which are imposed by the federal government for the sake of greater control and stronger enforcement mechanisms. Therefore to support the federal government create conducive environment for the citizen, the employers must adhere to these laws (Pan, Ying p 18-23). Patricia can employ a variety of policies and procedures to ensure that they comply with this law. Their recruitment procedures must therefore be open, transparent and in line with the laws. This means they simply need to align their company policies to the laws of the land for smooth

Sustainnability through markrting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sustainnability through markrting - Essay Example While dictating a broad range of guidelines (both legal and quasi-legal) to the governments and the corporate sector towards exercising discretion and good-sense in their utilization of the natural resources for development, the idea of sustainability also carried an immense potential for marketing and image projection for organizations. Organization that have taken steps to assimilate the sustainability issues in their governance and policies are able to reap the benefits of efficiency in their processes, as well as garner an image of good corporate citizenship that’s priceless in terms of their brand equity. Organizations that continue to take a traditionalist view of their stakeholders’ aims as one of wealth or profit maximization are oblivious to the veritable goldmine of benefits that a sustainability-focused marketing strategy can bring. StoraEnso, an integrated paper, packaging and forest products company, is leading the way to success through its sustainability initiatives, and serves as an apt example under the present discussion. The paper giant is placed in an industry that is increasingly looked down upon for the adverse impact that its operations have on the environment. With environmentalists and local communities bitterly fighting against the felling of trees and the threat of ecological imbalance, and governments vacillating between the profitability and community pressures, the paper industry has more on its plate than just the need to streamline its operations. StoraEnso has however changed this threat into an opportunity – by promptly incorporating the social and environmental sustainability commitments into its vision and mission, it is able to make foray into newer markets in addition to consolidating its position as a market leader in the existing markets. Instead of observing the local communities as enemies and environmentalists as blackmailers, StoraEnso believes in acknowledging their concerns, and working with them as

Labor Law DB 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Labor Law DB 4 - Essay Example If the employer does not comply with this law and goes ahead to employ an alien, the employer may face both civil and criminal liability. This comes with the imposition of huge fines ranging from $100 to $1000 for each hire. They could as well face imprisonment for a pattern or practice of non-compliance (Aguilera & Michael p 240-1). I highly agree with these consequences. This is because the IRCA is enacted to help solve the problem of the massive illegal immigration into the country. This is together with all the policies behind this law, which are imposed by the federal government for the sake of greater control and stronger enforcement mechanisms. Therefore to support the federal government create conducive environment for the citizen, the employers must adhere to these laws (Pan, Ying p 18-23). Patricia can employ a variety of policies and procedures to ensure that they comply with this law. Their recruitment procedures must therefore be open, transparent and in line with the laws. This means they simply need to align their company policies to the laws of the land for smooth

English literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

English literature - Essay Example Two of Hardy’s novels, Jude the Obscure and Far from the Madding Crowd. Far from the Madding Crowd has much in common with a Shakespearean comedy on its surface. From its rural setting to its errant sheepdog to its misinterpreted Valentine, it has all the elements of good country comedy. And yet, that superficial lightness runs atop a current of deep suffering. The errant sheepdog is responsible for Gabriel Oak’s poverty, which leaves him forced to sell his land and take a job working for Bathsheba Everdene, who has capriciously rejected his offer of marriage. The repercussions of that anonymous Valentine lead to violent murder and life imprisonment. Everything is much, much more serious than it seems. Life is uncertain, and lighthearted schemes are as likely to succeed — or fail — as more carefully laid out ones: â€Å"It is safer to accept any chance that offers itself, and extemporize a procedure to fit it, than to get a good plan matured, and wait for a chance of using it.† (68) There are no guarantees. Indeed, the novel plunges more and more toward chaotic misery, as Bathsheba’s charmingly unscrupulous husband vanishes after learning of the death of his former paramour and conveniently reappears just as Bathsheba is celebrating her engagement to the steadfast, obsessively adoring farmer who has loved her for so long. Driven to madness by the appearance of his old rival, Farmer Boldwood shoots Bathsheba’s husband and tries to turn the gun on himself. Later, Bathsheba returns to Oak — wiser, sadder, older — and agrees to be his wife. Steadfast Oak has won the day, but his victory must be cold — this broken woman who has nothing left to lose and little left to give. Their great romance has devolved to a mutual sharing of burdens: â€Å"Theirs was that substantial affection which arises (if any arises at all) when the two who are thrown together begin first by knowing the

Factors that affect the communication process Essay Example for Free

Factors that affect the communication process Essay There are various factors that affect the communication process. Among many of the factors some are very important and play a very important role throughout society, cultural, ethical and individual ways of perspective and communication. Throughout life people have and/or will be faced with the challenge of playing out these roles in society. For example, there are different cultures around the world. In some culture women are to be covered up at all times and are married off to as trade for cattle or money to their father. Where in cultures women are free to dress and marry by there choice. These two women will experience culture shock while communicating with each other. Culture is the values, attitudes and morals, someone is thought that carry over into their social lives. By taken the time to make sure we as people can cultural communication it can keep down most of the confusing in workplace, school and just maybe the world. Ethnical identify also is an important factor that affects the communication process, because of what is taught cultural and/or in people homes. The ethnicity plays in how two co-workers from different and same cultures interact with one another. For example, in the United States of America during slavery most White Americans where taught and believed they were superior when communicating with African-Americans so the communication was only a one direction channel. When African-American communication between each other back then where thru songs and marking. Ethnical identify is a very touchy subject all over the world and causes  racial profiling among all Ethnical groups. The most important factor that these minority races consider are their backgrounds. Ethnical issues can arise due to terminations, promotions, and bonuses. The individual identity is also an important factor that impacts communication. An individual communicates with others depended upon their own social imagination. This can play a role in which supervisor is admired in the workplace and willing to work with you, or who is most resented. Once others realize this they accept it, and find ways to work around with but  remove themselves from the person outside of a work environment. This includes someone’s own personality traits and how they esteem themselves. Finally the last factor to be discussed is societal identity. This references the roles others play in society. Some people may object to others actions, because they have different backgrounds. In the workplace younger works are said to be better at handle the rapid pace of how things change with technology in the workplace than older worker. This is not a true statement; however this is the depiction of society. The roles people paly such as a supervisor. It allows us to present ourselves a certain way towards our supervisors. I for one have taught and seen older coworkers take the time to learn and catch up with the pace of the change in the workplace.

Comparative Genomics Research Benefits

Comparative Genomics Research Benefits ABSTRACT The rapidly emerging field of comparative genomics has yielded dramatic results. Comparative genome analysis has become feasible with the availability of a number of completely sequenced genomes. Comparison of complete genomes between organisms allow for global views on genome evolution and the availability of many completely sequenced genomes increases the predictive power in deciphering the hidden information in genome design, function and evolution. Thus, comparison of human genes with genes from other genomes in a genomic landscape could help assign novel functions for un-annotated genes. Here, we discuss the recently used techniques for comparative genomics and their derived inferences in genome biology. INTRODUCTION Comparative genomics is the study of the relationship of genome structure and function across different biological species or strains. Comparative genomics is an attempt to take advantage of the information provided by the signatures of selection to understand the function and evolutionary processes that act on genomes. While it is still a young field, it holds great promise to yield insights into many aspects of the evolution of modern species. The sheer amount of information contained in modern genomes (750 megabytes in the case of humans) necessitates that the methods of comparative genomics are automated. Gene finding is an important application of comparative genomics, as is discovery of new, non-coding functional elements of the genome. Human FOXP2 gene and evolutionary conservation is shown in a multiple alignment (at bottom of figure) in this image from the UCSC Genome Browser. Note that conservation tends to cluster around coding regions (exons). Comparative genomics exploits both similarities and differences in the proteins, RNA, and regulatory regions of different organisms to infer how selection has acted upon these elements. Those elements that are responsible for similarities between different species should be conserved through time (stabilizing selection), while those elements responsible for differences among species should be divergent (positive selection). Finally, those elements that are unimportant to the evolutionary success of the organism will be unconserved (selection is neutral). SCOPE OF COMPARATIVE GENOMICS One of the important goals of the field is the identification of the mechanisms of eukaryotic genome evolution. It is however often complicated by the multiplicity of events that have taken place throughout the history of individual lineages, leaving only distorted and superimposed traces in the genome of each living organism. For this reason comparative genomics studies of small model organisms (for example yeast) are of great importance to advance our understanding of general mechanisms of evolution. Having come a long way from its initial use of finding functional proteins, comparative genomics is now concentrating on finding regulatory regions and siRNA molecules. Recently, it has been discovered that distantly related species often share long conserved stretches of DNA that do not appear to code for any protein. One such ultra-conserved region, that was stable from chicken to chimp has undergone a sudden burst of change in the human lineage, and is found to be active in the developing brain of the human embryo. Computational approaches to genome comparison have recently become a common research topic in computer science. A public collection of case studies and demonstrations is growing, ranging from whole genome comparisons to gene expression analysis. This has increased the introduction of different ideas, including concepts from systems and control, information theory, strings analysis and data mining. It is anticipated that computational approaches will become and remain a standard topic for research and teaching, while multiple courses will begin training students to be fluent in both topic. Chromosomes from two genomes are drawn: human chromosome 1 (drawn with a global zoom factor of 50x) and mouse chromosomes 1-19, X, and Y with mouse chromosome 3 drawn enlarged 10-fold. Syntenic regions between human chromosome 1 and the mouse genome are connected by coloured curves (A), whose geometry and properties can be adjusted dynamically. Thus, all syntenic relationships with mouse chromosome 4 are coloured in orange (B), and all relationships falling within the 80-90 Mb region on human chromosome 1 are coloured in blue (C). Other relationships with alignments larger than 5 kb are coloured dark in grey (D) and all others are shown in light grey. The lines are drawn layered with light grey lines below all others, then dark grey, then blue and then orange. Although approximately 44,000 syntenic relationships are drawn, the use of a selective colour scheme maintains legibility. The outer track (E) is a histogram of the log density of syntenic regions over 100 kb windows on human c hromosome GENOMES ARE MADE OF Although living creatures look and behave in many different ways, all of their genomes consist of DNA, the chemical chain that makes up the genes that code for thousands of different kinds of proteins. Precisely which protein is produced by a given gene is determined by the sequence in which four chemical building blocks adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G) are laid out along DNAs double-helix structure BENEFITS OF COMPARATIVE GENOMICS Using computer-based analysis to zero in on the genomic features that have been preserved in multiple organisms over millions of years, researchers will be able to pinpoint the signals that control gene function, which in turn should translate into innovative approaches for treating human disease and improving human health. In addition to its implications for human health and well-being, comparative genomics may benefit the animal world as well. As sequencing technology grows easier and less expensive, it will likely find wide applications in agriculture, biotechnology and zoology as a tool to tease apart the often-subtle differences among animal species. Such efforts might also possibly lead to the rearrangement of our understanding of some branches on the evolutionary tree, as well as point to new strategies for conserving rare and endangered species. Comparative Genomics Goals Complete the sequence of the roundworm C. elegans genome by 1998. Complete the sequence of the fruitfly Drosophila genome by 2002. Develop an integrated physical and genetic map for the mouse, generate additional mouse cDNA resources, and complete the sequence of the mouse genome by 2008. Identify other useful model organisms and support appropriate genomic studies. METHODLOGY Genome correspondence Genome correspondence, the method of determining the correct correspondence of chromosomal segments and functional elements across the species compared is the first step in comparative genomics. This involves determining orthologous (genes diverged after a speciation event) segments of DNA that descend from the same region in the common ancestor of the species compared, and paralogous (genes diverged after a duplication event) regions that arose by duplication events prior to the divergence of the species compared. The mapping of regions across two genomes can be one-to-one in absence of duplication events; one-tomany if a region has undergone duplication or loss in one of the species, or many-to-many if duplication/loss has occurred in both lineages. Fitch et al., developed a method called BBH (Best Bidirectional Hits), which identifies gene pairs that are best matches of each other as orthologous. Tatusov et al., further enhanced this method, which matches groups of genes to groups of genes. Understanding the ancestry of the functional elements compared is central to our understanding and applications of genome comparison. Most comparative methods have focused on one-to-one orthologous regions, but it is equally important to recognize which segments have undergone duplication events, and which segments were lost since the divergence of the species. Comparing segments that arose before the divergence of the species may result in the wrong interpretations of sequence conservation and divergence. Further, in the presence of gene duplication, some of the evolutionary constraints that a region is under are relieved, and uniform models of evolution no longer capture the underlying selection for these sites. Thus, our methods for determining gene correspondence should account for duplication and loss events, and ensure that the segments we compare are orthologous Applications Gene identification Once genome correspondence is established, comparative genomics can aid gene identification. Comparative genomics can recognize real genes based on their patterns of nucleotide conservation across evolutionary time. With the availability of genome-wide alignments across the genomes compared, the different ways by which sequences change in known genes and in intergenic regions can be analyzed. The alignments of known genes will reveal the conservation of the reading frame of protein translation. The genome of a species encodes genes and other functional elements, interspersed with non-functional nucleotides in a single uninterrupted string of DNA. Recognizing protein-coding genes typically relies on finding stretches of nucleotides free of stop codons (called Open Reading Frames, or ORFs) that are too long to have likely occurred by chance. Since stop codons occur at a frequency of roughly 1 in 20 in random sequence, ORFs of at least 60 amino acids will occur frequently by chance (5% under a simple Poisson model), and even ORFs of 150 amino acids will appear by chance in a large genome (0.05%). This poses a huge challenge for higher eukaryotes in which genes are typically broken into many, small exons (on average 125 nucleotides long for internal exons) in mammals. The basic problem is distinguishing real genes those ORFs encoding a translated protein product from spurious ORFs the remaining ORFs whose presence is simply due to chance. In mammalian genomes, estimates of h ypothetical genes have ranged from 28,000 to more than 120,000 genes. The internal coding exons were easily identified using Comparative analysis of human genome with mouse genome. Regulatory motif discovery Regulatory motifs are short DNA sequences about 6 to 15bp long that are used to control the expression of genes, dictating the conditions under which a gene will be turned on or off. Each motif is typically recognized by a specific DNA-binding protein called a transcription factor (TF). A transcription factor binds precise sites in the promoter region of target genes in a sequence-specific way, but this contact can tolerate some degree of sequence variation. Thus, different binding sites may contain slight variations of the same underlying motif, and the definition of a regulatory motif should capture these variations while remaining as specific as possible. Comparative genomics provides a powerful way to distinguish regulatory motifs from non-functional patterns based on their conservation. One such example is the identification of TF DNA-binding motif using comparative genomics and denovo motif. The regulatory motifs of the Human Promoters were identified by comparison with other m ammals.Yet another important finding is the gene and regulatory element by comparison of yeast species. Applications of comparative genomics to wheat A number of important major traits requiring elucidation in wheat are essentially non-polymorphic. Thus there is no prospect of creating a mapping population which is the starting point of all positional cloning strategies in most species to date. Moreover given the size of the wheat genome, many traits lie in regions where the gene density per BAC is one or two, making it difficult if not impossible to walk from one wheat BAC to the next. The Ph1 locus (controlling chromosome pairing in wheat) is one such example, in which the starting point was wild type wheat and a mutant carrying a deletion of more than 70Mb (almost the size of the whole Arabidopsis genome). Its phenotype is not easy to score. My group wished to characterise this locus. We created three different types of mutagenised populations, sequenced the equivalent rice Ph1 region, built BAC libraries (all are now available free of IP) for Brachypodium (a small genome species more closely related to wheat), sequenced Brachy podium Ph1 equivalent region, built a hexaploid (CS) (737,000 clones) wheat in collaboration with INRA (providing a further 500,000 clones), exploited Jorge Dubcovskys Tetraploid wheat BAC library, sequenced wheat BACs and defined the tissues in which the Ph1 phenotype is expressed. I will discuss the approaches adopted and resources created. Application of comparative genomics to the analysis of vertebrate regulatory elements Gene regulatory regions (also known as cis-regulatory modules) in vertebrates are poorly understood and annotated by comparison with protein-coding sequences. The short and degenerate sequences of regulatory elements and their distribution over large intergenic and intronic regions pose a major challenge to genomics scientists. Comparative genomics can be used to identify putative regulatory regions, and to analyse regulatory regions into their constituent transcription factor binding sites. There is need for high throughput assay systems to analyse the function of predicted vertebrate gene regulatory regions Other applications Comparative genomics has wide applications in the field of molecular medicine and molecular evolution. The most significant application of comparative genomics in molecular medicine is the identification of drug targets of many infectious diseases. For example, comparative analyses of fungal genomes have led to the identification of many putative targets for novel antifungal. This discovery can aid in target based drug design to cure fungal diseases in human. Comparative analysis of genomes of individuals with genetic disease against healthy individuals may reveal clues of eliminating that disease. Comparative genomics helps in selecting model organisms. A model system is a simple, idealized system that can be accessible and easily manipulated. For example, a comparison of the fruit fly genome with the human genome discovered that about 60 percent of genes are conserved between fly and human. Researchers have found that two-thirds of human genes known to be involved in cancer have counterparts in the fruit fly. Even more surprisingly, when scientists inserted a human gene associated with early-onset Parkinsons disease into fruit flies, they displayed symptoms similar to those seen in humans with the disorder, raising the possibility that the tiny insects could serve as a new model for testing therapies aimed at Parkinsons. Thus, comparative genomics may provide gene functional annotation. Gene finding is an important application of comparative genomics. Comparative genomics identify Synteny (genes present in the same order in the genomes) and hence reveal gene clusters. Comparative genomics also helps in the clustering of regulatory sites, which can help in the recognition of unknown regulatory regions in other genomes. The metabolic pathway regulation can also be recognized by means of comparative genomics of a species. Dmitry and colleagues have identified the regulons of methionine metabolism in gram-positive bacteria using comparative genomics analysis. Similarly Kai Tan and colleagues have identified regulatory networks of H. influenzae by comparing its genome with that of E. coli. The adaptive properties of organisms like evolution of sex, gene silencing can also be correlated to genome sequence by comparative genomics. CONCLUSION The most unexpected finding in comparing the mouse and human genomes lies in the similarities between junk DNA, mostly retro-transposons, (transposons copied from mRNA by reverse transcriptase) in the two species. A survey of the location of retrotransposon DNA in both species shows that it has independently ended up in comparable regions of the genome. Thus junk DNA may have more of a function than was previously assumed. High performance computing tools help in comparing huge genomes. Because of its wide applications and feasibility, automation of comparing genomics is possible. Such Comparisons can aid in predicting the function of numerous hypothetical proteins. REFERENCES en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative genomics www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.springer.com

Atrribute of God :: essays research papers fc

Truth an Attribute of God   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The definition of truth according to Webster’s is conformity to fact or actuality, reality, actuality. Ryrie defines truth as â€Å"agreement to that which is represented it includes veracity, faithfulness, and consistency.† To say that God is true is to say that he is consistent with himself. He is all that he should be; he has revealed himself as he really is. His revelations are completely reliable. For man to understand that truth is knowable to him and life does make sense, he should first understand that all truth is known to God regardless of if it is found in the Bible or other sources. Therefore, it should be called God’s truth because Colossians 2:3b says, â€Å"are hid all treasures of wisdom and knowledge.† People think that God has hid his truth from them, making it inaccessible to man so they cannot understand God’s truth. Men do not practice good exegesis when the word ‘hid’ is taken out of context and means, to some people, that God is hiding his truth from them. I think that Paul is trying to say that the truth about Christ is the focal center to which all other truth about everything in creation is connected. That is to say, God is truth. We are totally dependent upon God to know truth because God is the creator of all things. He is our source for knowledge. God revealed both grace and truth to us by incarnating himself. Truth is unchanging and universal; it is not relative but is absolute. (Holmes 8) The Old Testament term for truth is emeth. This is primarily ethical rather epistemological term. Truth depends on unchanging reality, is personal, cannot change, and remains the same for every time and place in creation. It is absolute. To say these things is to say that God’s knowledge is complete and perfectly true. Truth is the implication that God exist. So one cannot believe in truth and believe that God is non-existence. We need a renewed commitment to the truth as found in the Scriptures and as summarized in theological and doctrinal propositions. (Phillips 26)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Pilate ask the question ‘what is truth,’ the Lord answered this in the upper room when he said â€Å"I am the way the truth and the life†. No one should deny to Christ a personal identification with truth. Before we say we hold Christ and the Bible as central to education, we need to do some serious thinking about God’s Truth.

Savage Inequalities by Jonathan Kozol :: Education Poverty Public Schools

Savage Inequalities, written by Jonathan Kozol, shows his two-year investigation into the neighborhoods and schools of the privileged and disadvantaged. Kozol shows disparities in educational expenditures between suburban and urban schools. He also shows how this matter affects children that have few or no books at all and are located in bad neighborhoods. You can draw conclusions about the urban schools in comparison to the suburban ones and it would be completely correct. The differences between a quality education and different races are analyzed. Kozol even goes as far as suggesting that suburban schools have better use for their money because the children's futures are more secure in a suburban setting. He thinks that each child should receive as much as they need in order to be equal with everyone else. If children in Detroit have greater needs than a student in Ann Arbor, then the students in Detroit should receive a greater amount of money. My perception was changed completely after reading this book, I never knew that so many schools were situated in the ghettos and were so badly overcrowded or only had two toilets working for about 1000 students, and no toilet paper. What really upsets me is the fact that within the exact same city limits, there are schools situated in the suburbs which average 20 per classroom and have enough supplies and computers for every child to receive one as their own. Of course the majority of these suburban schools are dominantly white and the urban schools hold the minorities. The dropout rates that are listed in the book are ridiculous. Most of the children drop out in secondary school and never receive a proper education because of the lack of supplies or lack of teachers' interests. The majority of the kids are black or Hispanic in the poor schools and the suburban schools hold the upper-class white children and the occasional Asian or Japanese children who are in the gifted classe s. The small population of blacks and Hispanics that go to the schools are placed into the "special" classrooms and their "mental retardations" can be blamed for their placements. The majority of these students are not mental and they belonged in a regular classroom among whites and Asians. Kozol argues that the system is separate and unequal and he builds upon his hypothesis until it becomes credible.

Single-Sex Education

Term Paper April 2, 2010 Single-Sex Education Have you ever been sitting in a classroom and wondered what it would be like to have an entire class with just girls or just boys? What about an entire school? The drive for gender equity in American education occurred during the 1970’s and 1980’s, which was pushing coeducation forward. The Title IX legislation, passed by Congress in 1972, sharpened public awareness of equity issues that were related to gender.Public concerns about sexual freedom; a rise in unmarried–especially teenage– pregnancy; and the growth of sexually transmitted diseases led to a reconsideration of coeducational guidelines. In the late 1970’s, researchers began to note the higher levels of women academic achievements at single-sex colleges compared to coeducational institutions. In a 1992 published report, the American Association of University Women questioned whether or not coeducation was the best way to achieve the higher leve ls of accomplishments for young women.They claimed that women were more likely to be ignored in class discussions and subjects to threats of sexual harassment. Educational reformers were concerned about the low academic performances of young African-American males. They began to explore the possibility of all-male academies, to provide an environment that would be free of distractions in which these students could focus on achievements. (Rury, 2008) When tolled together, the numbers are not in favor of single-sex education because ninety-six percent of private schools are coeducational (Kennedy, 2010).Kennedy stated that only one point eight percent of girls and two point two percent of boys are educated in single-sex schools (2010). But this could be because out of the ninety-three thousand public schools in America, only two hundred and forty-one of them even offer single-sex classes (McNamara, 2006). According to CBS Evening news reporter, Melissa McNamara stated, â€Å"Three ye ars ago, Woodward Elementary near Orlando, Florida, separated boys and girls. The school's standardized test scores have jumped for both genders.After two years of same-sex classes, seventy-one percent of students beat the national average in reading, and seventy-nine percent beat it in math (2006). † The first academic source I found that directly relates to my topic is called â€Å"Effect of single-sex education on progress in GCSE,† written by Eva Malacova. A recent study found that boys in single-sex schools do better on average GCSE, while girls on total GCSE scores. If you do not know what GCSE is a public examination taken by sixteen year old school pupils in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland at the end of Year Eleven.Another study was done that showed boys performed better in single-sex grammar schools compared to their peers in mixed schools. Also lower ability boys did better in single-sex comprehensive schools than coeducational schools. (Malacova, 2007) A nother study that was done, reported that girls in single-sex independent schools achieve on average 0. 179 GCSE points more than those in coeducational independent schools for prior performance, but they achieved 0. 175 points lower progress on average for grammar schools. The same study also stated that boys in single-sex independent schools seem to achieve on average 0. 04 GCSE points more than boys attending coeducational independent schools, but they achieved 0. 273 points lower progress on average for grammar schools. In conclusion for this academic journal source, girls that attended single-sex independent schools achieve higher progress from GCSE when compared to peers in coeducational independent schools. It was the same for boys, as it said that boys in single-sex independent schools seem to achieve a higher mean GCSE score compared to their peers in coeducational independent schools. (Malacova, 2007)The second academic article I found was entitled â€Å"Single-sex school ing: is it simply a ‘class act’? † written by Georgina Tsolidis and Ian R. Dobson. They stated that single-sex education will not provide students with the full range of curriculum options, role models, and experience of each other, which make an easier successful social interest into future study and work. This source stated that the National Association for Single-Sex Public Education reported on a study by the National Foundation for Educational Research which discovered that both boys and girls did significantly better in single-sex schools than in mixed schools. Tsolidis ;amp; Dobson, 2006) The final academic journal source I found is, â€Å"Cross-school Mentoring: training and implementing a peer mentoring strategy† by Gill Pyatt. This journal talked about a mentoring program that United Kingdom has been using that started early 1980’s and then was later improved after Topping combined a variety of practices. The program has Year Seven students , ages eleven to twelve, from a United Kingdom inner-city girl’s school, get cross-mentored by Year Twelve, ages sixteen and seventeen years old, from another local girl’s school. (Pyatt, 2002)The Year Twelve girls had to go through a training program that lasted a total of twelve hours, to advance them for what was to come when they were start mentoring and throughout the mentoring program. The training consisted of listening skills which taught them to become better listeners, how to find solutions to the Year Seven girls’ problems, and confidentiality. The program also taught the Year Twelve girls how to look at it from the Year Seven girls’ perspectives and how to encourage the younger pupils to recognize and read moods of other people, adults and peers. Pyatt, 2002) After the training program the Year Twelve girls were introduced to the forty girls that they were going to mentor of Year Seven. The four Year Twelve girls mentored the five Year Seven g irls which occurred weekly, throughout the summer, for seven weeks for about a quarter of an hour on every occasion. As the autumn term came a new team of four mentors was recruited from the Year Twelve group and twenty new Year Seven students were chosen. (Pyatt, 2002)By the end of the autumn term it was agreed that the cross-mentoring program had been very helpful, beneficial, and was a complete success. The program benefitted both the Year Seven girls and Year Twelve girls. Especially the Year Seven girls though because they gained more self-confidence and had a more settled beginning to their new secondary stage of education. The current project was said to continue for years to come and there are plans to expand the mentoring strategy to include identified students from Year Eight and Year Nine. Pyatt, 2002) There are multiple sociological view points that a person could use to describe single-sex education. The first view point a person could use is the functionalistic view. T he functionalist theory could be applied to single-sex education because it limits the amounts of sexual temptations that normal coeducation high schools students have to deal with. This will then result in you getting a better grades because you will not have to worry about how pretty you look or how you can make yourself to look more sexually attractive.Furthermore males will not feel the urge to try to impress the women and to be physical fit and perfect. From both the male and female perspective, it reduces the amount of stress that normal coeducational high school students have to put up with. Single-sex education also provides fewer distractions that can be created by the students of the opposite sex, which can, in the end, increase your grades because you will be provided with a lot more opportunities to work harder and longer on your school work. The second view point a person could use is the conflict view.The conflict theory could be applied to single-sex education because usually only the people that are supplied with enough money and are well off are able to have their children attend to these schools. If you really think about it, how many people with money problems or of middle class have children that attend a single-sex school? Single-sex schools tend to be very pricey and cost way too much for people of middle class and below to afford. Usually only the rich are sent to these schools, which only enables well off people and students to usually only associate with other well off people or students.Another view point a person could use is from a religious view. A religious view point could be applied to single-sex education because it makes it easier to assist students to prolong their practice absence. This is because they are only attending school with students of the same gender so it limits their options of places to meet boys and to date. Single-sex schools also gives support to and helps with premarital sex. This is also because they are no t attending school with the opposite gender which enables them to focus more on other things such as academics, athletics, and other activities.In single-sex schools students that already have boyfriends or girlfriends will be less temped and will have fewer opportunities to be able to cheat on their boyfriend or girlfriend. The culture I selected was the United Kingdom. The similarity between the United Kingdom and the United States on the topic of single-sex education is an obvious fact, which is that students that attend the schools are the same. Another thing they have in common is that in both places the studies usually showed that single-sex schools was the better choice because the boys and girls had higher test scores.The difference between the United States and the United Kingdom is the number practicing single-sex teaching has shot up in the United Kingdom in the last four years from seven to two-hundred-and-twenty-three. As opposed to the United Kingdom, in the United Sta tes the overall trend is in the opposite direction because in the last decade one-hundred-and-thirty independent schools that were single-sex schools have either become coeducational schools or closed down. In the state sector the number of single-sex schools has fallen in the past forty years from nearly two-thousand-five-hundred to just over four-hundred. Asthana, 2006) When I search the internet I found, and got the following information from Marian High School’s web page at marian. dev, an all girl school called Marian High School located in Northwest Omaha; it is the only Class A, college-prep school for girls.The school is also religious and says that it is committed to teaching and living the six core values, which are inspired by our sponsoring order, the Servants of Mary. At this school, the web page also said, you are enforced to wear a uniform which consists of either a uniform sweatshirt, Dennis hunter green top with he school’s logo, or club sweatshirt or shirt for the top. For the bottom half of the uniform you have to wear either a Dennis, black watch, plaid skirt or skort that is not shorter than the extended finger tips, zipped and not rolled at the waist or Dennis khaki slacks or khaki walking shorts that is not shorter than the extended finger tips. One way single-sex education is depicted into the media is through the television show â€Å"Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. † In the show all the children attend a single-sex school.This television show supports what I said earlier about how usually only the people who are well off are able to send their children to single-sex schools. In the show the dad, Phillip Banks, is very rich because he is a judge. In the show, it obviously demonstrates how rich the Banks are because they live in a mansion, have a pool, have a pool house, and even have a butler named Geoffrey Barbara. Another way single-sex education is depicted in the media is through â€Å"The Amy Oliver Show: Single-Sex Education. In this podcast it is mostly about encouraging single-sex education and talks about various topics. Some of the topics are the options, who should decide whether or not you go to a single-sex school, and Title IX and single-sex education. (Kasic, 2008) In my own views about single-sex education in light of the information I have just reviewed I found out that single-sex schools seem like the better choice when looking for a better education. Numbers obviously have proved my point about when separate girls and boys do better with their studies then when together.I do agree that, especially girls, sometimes focus more on how sexually attractive we are or how to look more attractive than we do on our school work, which I think is really sad. I also know that in school kids can get sexual temptations to want and feel the need to skip class to go screw around with a person of the opposite sex in the library or backstage or something. As for suggestions for social change that I would make if change seems to be needed, the only thing I could think of is to somehow have social events, like once a month or so, that included an all boy’s and all girl’s school.This way they will develop some type of social skills with the opposite sex without having to see them and trying to impress them every day. This way they will not have to put up with the distractions the opposite sex causes for the other or the sexual temptations that normal coeducational high school students have to go through five days a week.

A Study of the Speaking Ability of Second-Year Students

Speaking is one of the language skills which are important for second language learners to be developed. Capability to speak English is the priority for many scandalmonger or foreign language learners. Therefore, this research was aimed at knowing the speaking ability of the second year students of SAM N 2 Sick Hull.The students may tell their experience after preparation before performing in front of the lass. This is the important part in developing their memory to make a well-arranged story. Their speaking will be analyzed through five components: pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension. This research needs three raters in order to avoid subjectivity in evaluating the test. Keyword :Descriptive Research, Speaking ability, telling experience INTRODUCTION Speaking is a productive skill with which people produce words or send a message orally. This skill is closely bound up with the listening.Harmer (2001) states that in many situations productive skill is comb ined with the practice of receptive skills. The communication between two or more people is a blend of listening and speaking where the comprehension of what has been said is necessary for what the participant says next. Productive skills include speaking and writing, two critical components of the complex process of communication. There are countless reasons for communication between individuals: they have something they wish to express, there is something they wish to learn, and the list goes on and on.Speaking requires a greater degree of fluency and thinking â€Å"on the spot†, and requires practice and exposure to the language over time. While productive skills are the skills that involve the process of language production either in oral or written forms. Speaking as one of the productive skills should be learned by the students in order to carry out a communication with other people easily. Speaking plays an important role in social communication. Perhaps, this is becau se we can deliver our ideas and information to other people with oral communication.According to Martin Begat (1987) People speak to make interactions with other people, we often need confidence to speak in order to carry out many of our basic interactions. Consequently, improving your English speaking skills will help you communicate more easily and effectively. Furthermore, speaking is good for motivating the students to learn the language in their school. Speaking is designed to enable the students to communicate and interact to other people in order to gain and enrich their knowledge. Essentially, the goal of language learning is to enable the students to communicate in the language.Therefore, the main purpose of learning is aimed at increasing the students' skills in communicating English well. Definition of immunization mentioned is to understand and express information, mind, feelings and develop science, technology, and culture by using the English language (Depending, 2003) . English achievement in the future expected by learning English can develop their knowledge to all people in the world. Harris (1969) stated that speaking ability has five components which are generally recognized in analyzing speaking.They are as follows: a. Pronunciation includes the segmental features of vowels, consonants, stress, and intonation patterns. B. Grammar correct use of language with respect to word form and word order at the sentence level . Vocabulary is one of words include in language, have many words that must mastery to make the acquisition of an adequate vocabulary as essential for successful second language use. D. Fluency is probably best achieved by allowing the air stream of speech to flow then as some of this speech spill over beyond comprehensibility. E.Comprehension in brief speaking requires that not only knowing how to produce it well but also understanding when, what, and why to produce the language. The ability to speak cannot be separated from thes e five components. A good speaker will deliver the topic to make listener understand it easily. In some cases, students get problems in speaking. It is the fact that to be a good speaker or able to speak becomes a problem for most of students. Teachers always give lessons Just with old teaching techniques without give the students' chances to speak or deliver their ideas; students might be shy to make mistakes in speaking.In fact, students are not interested in studying more about English because of lack of motivation in classroom learning, students only receives materials, write, and follow all the teachers command. According to Joanna Baker and Heather Western (2003), there are many reasons why dents may find learning and using English difficult such as cultural differences, personal differences, and lack of confidence, no time for speaking when studying for examinations, preparation for speaking, and interest in topic.This can lead to real barriers to communication, and can contr ibute to poor motivation in learning. Whereas, we know that the purpose of learning English especially in speaking is to enable the students to use English well both accurately and fluently. In a language lesson, students need to spend time on becoming more accurate. But they also need o practice using the language fluently. 2 METHODOLOGY The population of this research is the second year students of SAM N 2 SICK HULL academic year of 2012-2013.The number of the students is 315. Because the population is large enough, it is necessary to have sample. According to Gay (2004), sampling is the process of selecting number of individuals for a study that represented the larger group from which they were selected. There are several appropriate techniques for selecting a sample which is suitable in certain situations. In this research, the writer use cluster random sampling technique. Cluster random sampling is sampling in which groups, not individuals, are randomly selected.The reason for choosing this technique is less time and easier to obtain permission to use all the students in certain class than several students in many classes. So, the writer takes only one class out of 9 classes as the sample of this research. There are 35 students who took the speaking test. The process of choosing the class is by using lottery. In this case, the writer uses the research instrument of speech in telling experience (recounting events) to collect the data. Each student will speak about their experience in front of the class one by one as a performance test.In order to get the data needed for this research, the writer had administered a test. The test was conducted to know the students' ability in speaking. Three raters checked the result by listening to the students' recorded speech and checking the pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension aspects. The raters give scores for each student. Finally, the scores of the raters are totaled and then divided by th ree. In scoring the students speaking ability, the writer uses the scoring which found in Harris (1974). All the aspects of speaking is divided by 5.Analyzing the students' speaking ability can be done as follows: 5 In order to know the level of ability of the students' speaking ability can be classified as follows: Test Score Level of Ability 81-100 Excellent 61-80 41-60 Mediocre 21-40 Poor 0-20 Very Poor Harms (1986) 3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION There are 35 students who took the speaking test. The students' score has been analyzed by three raters. After calculating the real scores of the students from each rater, the writer computes the students' scores from each rater to know the regenerates of the students who get excellent, good, mediocre, poor, and very poor level in speaking.The result of it can be seen as in the following table: Table 1 . The Percentages of the Students' Ability According to the Three Raters No 2 4 Score Range 81 -100 61 -80 41 60 21 -40 Total Frequency 9 17 35 Percentage 0. 00% 25. 71% 48. 57% 100% From table 1, the result of the test is mediocre. It is calculated by combining the students' scores from each rater and it divided by three. It shows that none of the students is in excellent level, 9 (25. 71%) students are in good level, 17 (48. 57%) dents are in mediocre level, then 9 (25. 1 are in poor level, at last, there is none of the student who got very poor level. By this, the writer concluded that this speaking test is not difficult for the students. After getting the score of the students from the raters, the writer classified the students' scores based on each component of speaking as shown in the following table: Table the Students' Average Scores for Each Aspect of Speaking According to The Three Raters Rater 1 The Aspects of Speaking Pronunciation Grammar Fluency Vocabulary Comprehension Rater 2 x 89 79 102 2. 26 2. 54 2. 57 2. 91 72 78 7 107 Rater 3 2. 06 2. 3 2. 49 3. 06 85 91 101 2. 29 2. 43 2. 60 2. 89 The Average Scores of Three Raters 44. 0 48. 0 47. 4 49. 0 59. 0 49. 5 Table 2 shows that the students' average scores for each aspects of speaking according to the three raters. The average scores of Pronunciation aspect is 44. 0. It means that 4 the most difficult aspect in speaking is pronunciation. Few students can say the words correctly and some of them frequently use wrong words. It can be shown in the following table: Table 3. The Percentages of the Students' Pronunciation Score Range Level of Ability Frequency 15 42. 86% 12 34. 29%

Demonstrate where you have advocated on behalp of a service user with Essay

Demonstrate where you have advocated on behalp of a service user with any disabilities - Essay Example It advocates a support system that empowers the people with disability with informed choice so that they can opt for best possible care that meets their individual requirement. These are critical imperatives that are greatly facilitated by the intervention of social workers who become major linkages for the people with disability to access the facilities. Healthcare providers like nurse, physicians and their assistants, social service professionals assess client’s life in detail for correct diagnosis, line of treatment, type of intervention etc. for best service delivery. Appropriate linkages are provided to the client to meet his/her assessed need. Social workers for advocacy are common linkages that help recipients to help personalize their care. Advocacy for the case would be discussed. The client X was a refugee who was bed ridden after a car accident in which her lower part of body had got paralyzed. She was from different ethnic group and neither spoke nor understood English. The client wished for direct payments as she was dissatisfied with the current level of services as provided by the council and social work department. She had identified one of her friend as her personal assistant. As a social work student, currently on placement at a local council, I have advocated on behalf of client X. As I am dealing with the direct payment and personal budget, her case comes under my purview and, therefore, I have volunteered to advocate her case. Advocacy is a vital concept in social work. It promotes understanding for the requisite physical and emotional support, intrinsic to the welfare of the disabled person. As advocate, it was hugely important for me to empower my client with relevant information regarding direct payment and for employing a personal assistant of her choice. Hence, my work as advocate/facilitator involved myriad functions conforming under the strict guidelines and processes of

Ratio analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ratio analysis - Coursework Example This difference could have been caused by a reduction in expenses including operating and financing expenses. ROCE also increased from 25.03% to 32.18% which shows a difference of 7.15%. This difference could be due to efficient utilization of assets to produce income and effective asset management. Liquidity of the company can be assessed using current ratio and quick ratio. Current ratio measures the number of times that current liabilities can be financed by current assets before they are exhausted (Pollitt, 2001). Quick ratio measures how current liabilities can be measured by more liquid assets before they are exhausted. The current ratio of Youngs increased from 1.37 in 2013 to 1.48 in 2014. This means that the company was able to meet its obligations faster in 2013 than 2013, i.e. it was able to meet its financial obligations easier in 2014 than 2013. The quick ratio of the company also increased from 0.36 in 2013 to 0.43 in 2014. Therefore, the company was more liquid in 2013 than 2014. This liquidity could be due to effective cash management in the company. Efficiency of Youngs can be determined by inventory turnover and total asset turnover. The inventory or stock turnover measures the number of times that stock is turned into sales in a year (Fridson & Alvarez, 2002). Total asset turnover measures the amount of sales generated by the sale of a single unit of the total assets. The total asset turnover of Youngs was 2.11 in 2013 and 2.09 in 2014. This means that a single unit of asset was used to generate 2.11 units of sales in 2013 and 2.09 units of sales in 2014. However, the difference between the inventory turnovers in the two years was -0.02 which is a negative figure. It could be because the company acquired more assets and failed to utilize the new assets efficiently to generate more sales. The company also had an inventory turnover of 6.85 in 2013 and 6.88 in 2014. This indicates that the company turned its stock

Process eassy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Process eassy - Essay Example This process essay discusses how to go about doing an interview for the students in modern times. Students have to appear in a number of different interviews every now and then so that they can get the desired job that they have so long yearned for. Their craving is there and hence it leads to an interview session with the prospective employer. All the potentials as well as weaknesses of the concerned interviewee are under total scrutiny and hence it is his duty to ensure that he does not succumb under pressure and a sense of tension which is so very related with the interview sessions and thus come out clean and clear about what the future of the company as well as his own self holds. Interview is something that has to be done in a total resolute manner where the person who is conducting the interview gets to know the prospective employee in a light vein and the interviewer judges this individual inside out so that he could be chosen for the post for which he has been called for. The pre-interview evaluation starts when the interviewee receives a call from the company representative. It is important for this person to converse with him in a good tone as nobody knows it might be the company’s boss speaking to the prospective employee and hiding his identity behind an ordinary worker in the office place. Respect and dignity are the keywords here, which must be given to the person who is taking the effort to call the person for the process of interview and thus a sense of cordiality must be established between the two. There is a new trend developing in the recruiting of high-tech employees. (Zimbleman, 2005) Due to the competitive nature of the business, companies are looking for new ways to recruit individuals that not only have the business and technical knowledge required to perform a specific job, but they are also looking for candidates that fit well into the corporate culture of the