PBA Murr vs Wisconsin Case Analysis

PBA Murr versus Wisconsin Case Analysis Adem Mehmetaj I. The inquiry being posed is should two legitimately unmistakable however ordinarily claimed adjacent loads of land be joined for takings investigation purposes? Joseph P. Murr and his family purchased 2 parts around a similar size and at various occasions. The issue before us is that Murr no longer wishes to hold one of the parts and St. Croix decides that he isn't permitted to sell just one of the parcels because of natural concerns. Candidates guarantee that state and government courts are in significant clash concerning the current issue and refer to various cases trying to determine support for their suggestion. Those cases just as the models gave beneath all include various realities and conditions. They affirm that an adaptable, specially appointed, approach has reliably been utilized by the lower courts to characterize the significant property and to decide if pay is expected. The Wisconsin investigative court decided that in light of the fact that the two parts are borderin g, and happen to be claimed by similar individuals, this Courts package in general guideline from Penn Central requires consolidating the two bundles for takings examination. From the Murrs viewpoint, Lots E and F are two separate bundles, made as lawfully separate parts, burdened independently, and bought independently. The parcels were rarely grown together, and were bought for totally various reasons. In any case, in light of the fact that the Murrs own the two packages, the Wisconsin court decided that these two bundles consolidated were the Murrs bundle overall. This end was driven by the bordering proprietorship. II. The guardians of Joseph P. Murr and his kin (the Murrs) bought two adjoining parcels (Lots E and F) in St. Croix County in 1960. The two parts together made up around .98 sections of land. In 1994 and 1995 separately, the Murrs guardians moved Lot F and Lot E to their youngsters. In 1995, the two parcels were blended as per St. Croix Countys code of statutes. The significant law restricts the individual turn of events or offer of nearby parcels under basic possession, except if an individual part was in any event one section of land. The law further determined that if each part isn't in any event one section of land, the parcels might be estimated together to approach one section of land. After seven years, the Murrs needed to sell Lot E and not Lot F. The St. Croix County Board of Adjustment denied the Murrs application to sell the parcels independently. The Murrs sued the state and region and guaranteed the mandate being referred to brought about an uncompensated taking of thei r property and denied them of all, or for all intents and purposes all, of the utilization of Lot E on the grounds that the part can't be sold or created as a different parcel. The circuit court allowed rundown judgment to the state and region. The Court of Appeals of Wisconsin certified and held that the Murrs were not denied of their useful utilization of the property. All things considered, Petitioners presented their arrangement to the St. Croix County Board for thought. The Board denied their arrangement and would not make a special case to the longstanding guidelines. Rather than altering the arrangement or presenting a less-meddling arrangement that conformed to the current guidelines Petitioners documented this claim asserting an administrative taking. The Supreme Court affirmed the package overall principle in Keystone Bituminous Coal Association v. DeBenedictis, where coal administrators attested that a court should just consider the coal that couldn't be mined to decide i f a state law expecting them to leave a specific measure of coal in the ground added up to an administrative taking. The Supreme Court again supported the bundle all in all standard in Concrete Pipe Products, Inc. v. Development Laborers Pension Trust. There, Concrete Pipe asserted that an administrative taking happened when government law expected it to pay withdrawal obligation to a benefits trust. In 2006, the Murrs acquired suit St. Croix County Circuit Court, which governed against them and insisted the Zoning Boards choice denying the change to sell or utilize the two parcels as independent structure locales. The Murrs guarantee that since Lot E and F were made as legitimately separate parts bought independently for various purposes and burdened independently, they ought to likewise have the option to sell them independently. The Murrs dismiss the case that Penn Central v City of New York[1] built up a standard expressing that two lawfully particular properties ought to be con sidered as adjoining packages. Under Penn Central, to decide if a specific government move has achieved a making, courts are to concentrate both on the character of the activity and on the nature and degree of the correct obstruction with rights in the bundle all in all. [2] On bid in 2011, the Wisconsin State Appellate Court by and by maintained the sheets choice. It held that the two parts are adjacent and furthermore happen to be possessed by similar individuals, so actualizing the Courts bundle in general principle from Penn Central does in reality require joining the two packages for takings investigation. Moreover, the Court of Appeals dismissed the solicitors idea that the parcels had not converged because of the Grandfather Clause in light of the fact that the parts were at that point subject to the 1976 natural guideline when they had been converged under joint proprietorship in 1995. The Appellate Court decided that it was anything but a taking on the grounds that the Murr s property, taken in general, could be utilized for private purposes, in addition to other things. [3] The circuit court had likewise expressed that an all year living arrangement could be based on the feign and the habitation could be found totally on Lot E, completely on Lot F, or could ride the two parcels. [4] III. The Takings Clause of the U.S. Constitution states basically nor will private property be taken for open use, without just remuneration. In any case, that proviso has taken on a recognized job in sacred law, remarkably with connection to the limits of state and local prohibitive force. Any conversation of the Takings Clause should start with the history that prompted its sanctioning and in this way the methodology case law has created. The Takings Clause discovered its starting point in Section 39 of the Magna Carta, which announced that land would not be taken without some type of fair treatment: No freemen will be taken or detained or disseised or ousted or in any capacity crushed, nor will we go upon him nor send upon him, aside from by the legitimate judgment of his companions or by the tradition that must be adhered to. The Fifth Amendment was exclusively a limitation against the focal. Though there have been a few cutoff points on the forces of the States before 1865, the Civil War made the government confine the forces of the state governments against their own voters through the entry of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments. The Fourteenth Amendment made limitations to the States through Due Process condition. The Due Process Clause continuously moved. One move was procedural and was created to guarantee that hearings and option administrative dynamic procedures were directed reasonably. This survey of the procedures of government is comprehended as procedural fair treatment of law. A second line of cases broadened the limits on the national government inside the Bill of Rights to state and neighborhood government activity misusing the Due Process Clause. For around one hundred years after the section of the post-Civil War corrections, The Due Process Clause legal continuing brought about consolidation of some of the limitations on the central government inside the Bill of Rights to state and nearby activities in addition. The Supre me Court applied the Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment to the States through the Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Clause in Chicago Burlington and Quincy R.R. v. City of Chicago, 166 U.S. 226 (1897). Starting with Mugler v. Kansas, 123 U.S. 623 (1887), during which the U.S. Preeminent Court demonstrated that that Court may survey, through the fair treatment of law Clause, the substance of enactment. To audit both the methodology just as the substance of enactment can be alluded to as considerable fair treatment. This piece of the Due Process Clause permits judges to re-think state and nearby authoritative choices. Under meaningful fair treatment, a court may check whether the finishes and methods for enactment were satisfactory and whether the enactment was unduly harsh to directed parties.In Kelo v. city of new London, 125 S. Ct. 2655 (June 23, 2005), the inquiry emerged on whether the usage of prominent space alone for monetary advancement purposes might be a substantial open use. Any guidelines set on ones property does for sure encroach to their right side of land. That doesn't mean anyway it very well may be esteemed a taking. Takings Clause is precarious, on the grounds that it isn't in every case clear what is a taking and what isn't. The indistinct understanding of what a takings is relied upon to stay in an unusual way. IV. St. Croix County and the State of Wisconsin refer to various natural interests with the guidelines being referred to. As indicated by the St. Croix County Zoning Board, conceding the Murrs the fluctuation could result in one more living arrangement with access to the stream, extra tree cutting and uncovering, and another clean framework in a region with genuine constraining variables. We should talk about if these ecological interests are authentic in keeping landowners from selling. We should choose to either maintain or invert the Appellate Courts choice that Penn Central, whose building and airspace were viewed as adjoining packages, set up a standard that is appropriate to the case being referred to. Moreover, we should choose if under Lucas v South Carolina Coastal Council,[5] in which the land basically pointless, the Murrs could be qualified for Monetary remuneration. Congress ordered the National Wild and Scenic Rivers (Act) in 1968 to safeguard certain waterways for the pleasure in present and people in the future, indeed: It is thus announced to be the arrangement of the Unit

Of cunning Essay Example For Students

Of shrewd Essay We take shrewd for a vile or screwy knowledge. Undoubtedly there is an incredible contrast, between a cleverness man, and an insightful man; in purpose of trustworthiness, however in purpose of capacity. There be, that can pack the cards, but can't play well; so there are some that are acceptable in peddles and groups, that are in any case frail men. Once more, it is one thing to get people, and something else to get matters; for some are flawless in mens humors, that are not enormously equipped for the genuine piece of business; which is the constitution of one that hath examined men, more than books. Such men are fitter for training, than for advice; and they are acceptable, yet in their own rear entryway: go them to new men, and they have lost their point; so as the old principle, to know a bonehead from an astute man, Mitte ambos nudos promotion ignotos, et videbis, doth rare hold for them. Furthermore, on the grounds that these shrewdness men, resemble haberdashers of little products, it isn't not right to present their shop. It is a state of clever, to hold up upon him with whom you talk, with your eye; as the Jesuits give it in statute: for there be numerous insightful men, that have mystery hearts, and straightforward faces. However this would be finished with a bashful humbling of your eye, some of the time, as the Jesuits additionally use. Another is, that when you have anything to get, of present despatch, you engage and interest the gathering, with whom you bargain, with some other talk; that he be not all that much conscious to make protests. I knew an advisor and secretary, that never came to Queen Elizabeth of England, with bills to sign, yet he would in every case initially put her into some talk of bequest, that she mought the less psyche the bills. The like amazement might be made by moving things, when the gathering is in scurry, and can't remain to consider consciously of that is moved. In the event that a man would cross a business, that he questions some other would abundantly and strongly move, let him claim to wish it well, and move it himself in such sort as may thwart it. The severing, amidst that one was going to state, as though he took himself up, breeds a more noteworthy hunger in him with whom you give, to know more. Also, in light of the fact that it works better, when anything seemeth to be gotten from you by question, than if you offer it of yourself, you may lay a trap for an inquiry, by demonstrating another appearance, and face, than you are wont; as far as possible to give event, for the gathering to solicit, what the issue is of the change? As Nehemias did: And I had not before that time, been dismal before the lord. In things that are delicate and unpleasing, it is acceptable to break the ice, by some whose words are of less weight, and to hold the more profound voice, to come in as by some coincidence, with the goal that he might be posed the inquiry upon the others discourse: as Narcissus did, identifying with Claudius the marriage of Messalina and Silius. In things that a man would not be found in himself, it is a state of shrewd, to obtain the name of the world; as to state, The world says, or, There is a discourse abroad. I knew one that, when he composed a letter, he would put that, which was generally material, in the postscript, as though it had been a by-matter. I knew another that, when he came to have discourse, he would ignore that, that he expected most; and go forward, and return once more, and discuss it starting at a thing, that he had nearly overlooked. Some secure themselves, to be shocked, at such occasions as it resembles the gathering that they work upon, will out of nowhere happen upon them; and to be found with a letter in their grasp or doing fairly which they are not acclimated; as far as possible, they might be juxtaposed of those things, which of themselves they are envious to absolute. .u151504f940412f2b0960810c0a2bdb82 , .u151504f940412f2b0960810c0a2bdb82 .postImageUrl , .u151504f940412f2b0960810c0a2bdb82 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u151504f940412f2b0960810c0a2bdb82 , .u151504f940412f2b0960810c0a2bdb82:hover , .u151504f940412f2b0960810c0a2bdb82:visited , .u151504f940412f2b0960810c0a2bdb82:active { border:0!important; } .u151504f940412f2b0960810c0a2bdb82 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u151504f940412f2b0960810c0a2bdb82 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u151504f940412f2b0960810c0a2bdb82:active , .u151504f940412f2b0960810c0a2bdb82:hover { haziness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u151504f940412f2b0960810c0a2bdb82 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .u151504f940412f2b0960810c0a2bdb82 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .u151504f940412f2b0960810c0a2bdb82 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u151504f940412f2b0960810c0a2bdb82 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u151504f940412f2b0960810c0a2bdb82:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u151504f940 412f2b0960810c0a2bdb82 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u151504f940412f2b0960810c0a2bdb82-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u151504f940412f2b0960810c0a2bdb82:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Dream Job EssayIt is a state of sly, to let fall those words in a keeps an eye on own name, which he would have another man learn, and use, and immediately exploit. I knew two, that were contenders for the secretarys place in Queen Elizabeths time, but then kept great quarter among themselves; and would present, one with another, upon the business; and them one stated, That to be a secretary in the declination of a government was a sensitive thing, and that he didn't influence it: the other straight made up for lost time those words, and talked with jumpers of his companions, that he had no motivation to want to be secretary, in the declination of a government. The primary man grabbed hold of it, and discovered methods it was told the Queen; who, becoming aware of a declination of a government, took it so sick, as she could never after know about the others suit. There is a cleverness, which we in England can, the turning of the feline in the skillet; which is, the point at which that which a man says to another, he lays it as though another had said it to him. What's more, to state truth, it is difficult, when such an issue went between two, to cause it to show up from which of them it previously moved and started. It is a way that a few men have, to look and dart at others, by legitimizing themselves by negatives; as to state, This I don't: as Tigellinus did towards Burrhus; Se non diversas spes, sed incolumitatem imperatoris simpliciter spectare. Some have in status such a large number of stories and stories, as there is nothing they would intimate, yet they can wrap it into a story; which serveth both to keep themselves more in watch, and to make others convey it with more joy. It is a valid statement of sly, for a man to shape the appropriate response he would have, in his own words and suggestions; for it makes the other party stick the less. It is unusual to what extent a few men will lie in hold on to talk to some degree they want to state; and how far about they will bring; and what number of different issues they will beat over, to draw close to it. It is a thing of extraordinary persistence, yet very useful. An abrupt, striking, and startling inquiry doth commonly shock a man, and expose him. Like to him that, having changed his name, and strolling in Pauls, another out of nowhere came behind him, and called him by his actual name whereat straightways he thought back. In any case, these little products, and frivolous focuses, of clever, are limitless; and it were a decent deed to make a rundown of them; for that nothing doth increasingly hurt in a state, than that finesse men go for astute. In any case, surely some there are that know the retreats and aficionados of business, that can't sink into its primary; like a house that hath helpful steps and sections, yet never a reasonable room. Accordingly you will see them discover lovely looses in the end, however are no ways ready to look at or banter matters. But then ordinarily they exploit their failure, and would be considered brains bearing. Some form rather upon the manhandling of others, and as we currently state putting stunts upon them, endless supply of their own procedures. Be that as it may, Salomon saith: Prudens advertit promotion gressus suos; stultus divertit advertisement dolos.

Explain the Scientific Management Approach with reference to Henry Essay - 1

Clarify the Scientific Management Approach concerning Henry Fayol and Frederick Taylors standards of the board - Essay Example tation of science was essentially focused at assembling industry and other customary duties, so as to improve profitability and capability from top to bring down echelon of administration. From one perspective, Taylor proposes that the improvement of demonstrated practices should be moored on extensive perception of business forms, and on intensive preparing and enlistment of the most qualified of laborers, in light of the fact that thusly, associations will be ensured smoother procedures and more benefit (Maqbool, Zakariya, and Paracha, 2011). Considering this, Taylor summed up his methodology in four standards to be specific: a) logical making of work forms; b) logical choice and preparing of laborers; c) illuminating laborers on the advantages of logical administration; and d) specialization of representatives (Taylor, 2013). These procedures are planned for improving efficiency and better gains in associations. Taylor (2013) contends that building up a logical arrangement of work facilitates the estimation of representative yield. With these investigations, positive alterations could be influenced to the hardware and workstation programs utilized by representatives, which would in the long run upgrade proficiency and efficiency of business. Logical enrollment and readiness of laborers to climate different working environment provokes assists with realigning unique worker aptitudes, and fit them to their separate occupation. Considering this, the job of the executives would make an interpretation of in to choosing the most qualified of workers for a specific activity, and preparing the up-and-comers deductively to upgrade their profitability (Maqbool, Zakariya, and Paracha, 2011). For example, a secondary school that is in need an alumni instructor represented considerable authority in explicit subjects, would enlist such a person from a pool of candidates, and train the person in question on the most ideal approaches to relate well with understudies, individual individuals from staff, guardians, school clinicians and the prompt network to guarantee they fit in the new work environment

Medical Science Inner Ear Anatomy and Physiology Research - 4125 Words

Medical Science: Inner Ear Anatomy and Physiology Research (Research Paper Sample) Content: * Inner ear anatomy and physiologyIt is the mammalsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ the inner most part of the ear also referred to as Auris interna, it represents the inner section of the vertebrate ear, and it is connected to the middle ear to the oval window. The inner ear is responsible for the detection of sound and balance among the vertebrates (Wada 12). The structure is the final part of the ear, where the vestibular nerve and the cochlea nerve are located, both nerves ar vital for balancing and hearing respectively.The inner ear is made up of the following arts: * Oval window * Semicircular ducts * Cochlea * Auditory tubeInternal ear is comprised of the bony labyrinth, which is the hollow space in the temporal bone with a structural passage that consists of the following functional parts.Semicircular ducts- section packed with fluid, it is attached to the nerves and the cochlea. Its function is to transmit information on the balance and also the head position of the brain.Auditor y tube: - it channels fluid from the middle ear up to the throat, at the section behind the nose.Cochlea: - This is the structured spiral section of the hearing. This part is made up of the cochlear duct of the membranous labyrinth. The hearing is offered by the receptors that are in the cochlear duct. A set of perilymph-filled chambers are located on the sides of the duct. All the apparatus makes their turns around the central bony hub, just like a snail.The function of the cochlea involves the changing of the sound waves to electrical impulses and then tramsmitting them to the brainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s auditory nerve. When received by the brain, the impulse is then converted into sounds that one can comprehend.Though, for the free fluid movement within the cochlea from side to side, its wall membrane has a small hole in it known as the helicotrema. The wall is significant for safeguarding the vibration that comes from an oval window and is conveyed to the entire fluid that is inside the c ochlea. Once the fluid gets in the cochlea, many of the microscopic hair fibers that are inside the divided wall, move in motion. There are nearly 24,000 of such hair fibers existing in sets of four long rows (Wada 15).The vestibular Systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ the balance mechanismThe organ is structured for balance mechanism. Its role is to identify the movement of the body, therefore ensuring that the body balance is being maintained. Vestibular system is made up of three major ring-shaped passages, leaning in three diverse planes. The three passages contain fluid that moves respectively to the movements of the body. Apart from the fluid, the passages are composed of numerous hair fibers that respond to the fluid movement relying upon slight impulses to the brain. Once the impulses are received in the brain, they are decoded and thus enhances body balance (Pujol and Hilding 343).The auditory nerveThis is the series of nerve fibers which are responsible for conveying information from the c ochlea (inner ear) up to the brain. The auditory nerve has the function of carrying sound signals from the part of the inner ear, through the nerves,up to the brain. The hair fibers move in motion when they transmit electrical signals towards the brain through the auditory nerve that is linked to the auditory center. In the brain, the electric pulse is decoded into a sound. As a result, hair fibers are vital to human hearing ability. When these hair fibres are damaged, the hearing capacity of an individual is weakened (Cathers 230).The bony labyrinth, also known as the osseous labyrinth, is the passage network that has bony walls with periosteum lined to it. The membranous labyrinth is found in the bony labyrinth, between them, it contains layers of perilymph. The three major sections of the bony labyrinth are the cochlea, theÂsemicircular canals, and the vestibule of the ear (Willott 40).In the inner ear, the round window is made up of a thin partition which separates the air-f illed middle ear from the perilymph of the cochlea. The perilymph, a fluid located in the cochlea, has its properties similar to that of the cerebrospinal fluid. The perilymph flows between membranous and bony labyrinths. The endolymph is another fluid that is found within the membranous labyrinth; however, endolymph is concentrated with the electrolytes that vary from the body fluids. Furthermore, the bony labyrinth may be divided up into, the cochlea, the three semicircular canals, and the vestibule. In the vestibule, there are two sets of membranous sacs, namely, the utricle (utriculus) and the saccule (sacculus). Receptors found inside the vestibule offer sensations of linear acceleration and gravity.The slender semicircular ducts are surrounded by the semicircular canals. The receptors that are found in this section are accelerated by the head rotation. Alongside with the vestibule, this is referred to as the vestibular complex. The chambers that are filled with fluid in the ve stibule are usually constant with that of the semicircular canals (Willott 44). * Semicircular CanalsÂThe semicircular canal also referred to as semicircular duct is made up of the three semicircular, tubes that are interconnected found inside every ear. The three canals are as follows: 1 The superior semicircular canal/ anterior semicircular canal 2 The posterior semicircular canal/ inferior semicircular canal 3 The horizontal semicircular canal/ lateral semicircular canalBoth the posterior and aterior canals can be referred to as the vertical semicircular canals. The function of the semicircular canal system is the detection of the rotational movements. In order to attain its detection property, the semicircular canals are effectively used as the tools for that purpose. 1 Horizontal semicircular canalThis is the shortest of the three canals. The fluid movements that occur in the canal are in respect of the head rotation around the vertical axis, this means the neck, in other t erms transverse plane rotation. This occurs when one turns his head towards the right and left side before crossing the road. The lateral canal in one ear is very close to the equal angle as the other, whereas the superior canal of one of the ears is almost parallel to that of the posterior canal of the another ear. 2 Superior semicircular canalThis is a section of the vestibular system which the head rotation around the horizontal axis, or in other terms rotation within the sagittal plane. This is an event when nodding the head. 3 Posterior semicircular canalIts function is to detect the head rotation around the anterior-posterior or rostral-caudal axis; also, referred to as the rotation within the coronal plane. For instance, when one moves his head to reach his shoulder, or while doing the cartwheel. * Otolith OrgansThe otolith organs sense gravity and linear acceleration, as due to initiation of movement in a straight line. Persons or animals without otolith organs or with defec tive otoliths have poorer abilities to sense motion as well as orientation to gravity.The otolith is a structure of the utricleÂor sacculeÂfound in the inner ear, and more specific in the vestibular labyrinth. Both the utricle and the saccule in line, make up the otolith organs. The structures are sensitive to the linearÂacceleration and gravity. Due to their location of the utricle, in the head, they respond to the to the variation in the horizontal movement, and then the saccule provides the information concerning the vertical acceleration (Cathers, Ian, Brian, and Richard, 230).Both the utricle and the sacculeÂhas the sensory epithelium, which is the macula that is made up of the hair cells and the related supporting cells. Beyond the hair bundles and the hair cells is the gelatinous layer, together with the fibrous structure, which is referred to as otolithic membrane; they are rooted with crystals of calcium carbonate referred to as otoconia. The otolithic membr ane is made considerably heavier by the otoconia, as compared to the structure together with the surrounding fluid; therefore, when the head is tilted, the gravity trigger off the membrane to move comparatively to the sensory epithelium. The subsequent shearing motion that is there between the macula and the otolithic membrane moves the hair bundles; they are embedded within the lower, sticky side of the membrane. ÂReceptor potential is produced within the hair cells as the result of the movement of the hair bundles (Cathers, Ian, Brian, and Richard, 234).The shearing movement between the otolithic membrane and macula likewise happens when the head experienced linear accelerations. The extreme comparative weight of the otolithic membrane, leads to its temporarily lagging behind the macula, causing the hair bundle to displace briefly. The same effect applies to the otolithic hair cells, when the particular tilting of the head and the linear accelerations clarifies the perceptual equivalence of these diverse stimuli in the absence of the visual feedback, as it happens in the dark or when then closing the eyes. The hair cell bundles orientatuin is relatively organized to the striola, therefore demarcating the covering layer of otoconia. Therefore, a tilt by the striola axis, while one side stimulates the hair cells, leads to restraining the hair cells that are on the other edge (Fernandez, Cesar, and Jay 225).The utricular macula is positioned horizontally, and the saccularÂmacula vertically, with the constant disparity in the morphological polarization within the hair cells found in each macula. Scrutiny of the excitatory orientations within the maculae shows that the utricle reacts to the head's fast in the horizontal angle, like sideward head tilts as well as the lateral displacements. Whereas the sacculusÂreacts to ...

How Many Countries Are in ASEAN

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a group of ten member countries that encourages political, economic, and social cooperation in the region. In 2006, ASEAN tied together 560 million people, about 1.7 million square miles of land, and a total gross domestic product (GDP) of US $1.1 trillion. Today, the group is considered one of the most successful regional organizations in the world, and it seems to have a brighter future ahead. History of ASEAN Much of Southeast Asia was colonized by western powers prior to World War II. During the war, Japan took control of the region,  yet was forced out afterwards as Southeast Asian countries pushed for independence. Once independent, the countries found that stability was hard to come by, and they soon looked to each other for answers. In 1961, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Thailand came together to form the Association of Southeast Asia (ASA), a precursor to ASEAN. Six years later, in 1967, the members of ASA, along with Singapore and Indonesia, created ASEAN, forming a bloc that would push back at the dominating western pressure. The Bangkok Declaration was discussed and agreed upon by the five leaders of those countries over golf and drinks (they later dubbed it sports-shirt diplomacy). Importantly, this informal and interpersonal manner characterizes Asian politics. Brunei joined in 1984, followed by Vietnam in 1995, Laos and Burma in 1997, and Cambodia in 1999. Today the ten member countries of ASEAN are Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. ASEAN Principles and Goals According to the groups guiding document, the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia (TAC), there are six fundamental principles members adhere to: Mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity, and national identity of all nations.The right of every State to lead its national existence free from external interference, subversion or coercion.Non-interference in the internal affairs of one another.Settlement of differences or disputes by peaceful manner.Renunciation of the threat or use of force.Effective cooperation among themselves. In 2003, the group agreed on the pursuit of three pillars or communities: Security Community: No armed conflict has taken place among ASEAN members since its inception four decades ago. Each member has agreed to resolve all conflicts by use of peaceful diplomacy and without use of force.Economic Community: Perhaps the most vital part of ASEANs quest is to create a free, integrated market in its region, much like that of the European Union. The ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) embodies this goal, eliminating virtually all tariffs (taxes on imports or exports) in the region to increase competitiveness and efficiency. The organization is now looking towards China and India to open up their markets in order to create the largest free market area in the world.Socio-cultural Community: To combat the pitfalls of capitalism and free trade, namely disparity in wealth and job loss, the socio-cultural community focuses on disadvantaged groups such as rural workers, women, and children. Various programs are used to this end, including those for HIV/AIDS, higher education, and sustainable development, among others. The ASEAN scholarship is offered by Singapore to the other nine members, and the University Network is a group of 21 higher education institutes that aid each other in the region. Structure of ASEAN There are a number of decision-making bodies that comprise ASEAN, spanning from international to the very local. The most important are listed below: Meeting of the ASEAN Heads of State and Government: The highest body made up of the heads of each respective government; meets annually.Ministerial Meetings: Coordinates activities in many areas including agriculture and forestry, trade, energy, transportation, science and technology, among others; meets annually.Committees for External Relations: Made up of diplomats in many of the worlds major capitals.Secretary-General: The appointed leader of the organization empowered to implement policies and activities; appointed to ​five-year term. Currently Surin Pitsuwan of Thailand. Not mentioned above are over 25 other committees and 120 technical and advisory groups. Achievements and Criticisms of ASEAN After 40 years, many consider ASEAN to be very successful in part because of the ongoing stability in the region. Instead of worrying about military conflict, its member countries have been able to focus on development of their political and economic systems. The group has also made a strong stance against terrorism with regional partner, Australia. In the wake of the terrorist attacks in Bali and Jakarta in the past eight years, ASEAN has focused its efforts to prevent incidents and capture perpetrators. In Nov. 2007, the group signed a new charter that established ASEAN as a rule-based entity that would promote efficiency and concrete decisions, rather than simply a large discussion group as it has sometimes been labeled. The charter also commits members to advocate democratic ideals and human rights. ASEAN is often criticized for saying on one hand that democratic principles guide them, while on the other allowing human rights violations to occur in Myanmar, and socialism to rule in Vietnam and Laos. Free market protestors who fear the loss of local jobs and economies have appeared all over the region, most notably at the 12th ASEAN summit in Cebu in the Philippines. Despite objections, ASEAN is well on its way to full economic integration, and is making great strides to fully assert itself on the world market.

Rosa Lee Essay - 3975 Words

NAME (primary client): Rosa Lee Cunningham DATE OF BIRTH: October 7, 1936 CHRONOLOGICAL AGE: 52 SEX: Female ADDRESS: FUNDING SOURCE: DATE OF REPORT: 3/14/2012 Identifying Information: Rosa Lee is a feisty African American female who grew up poor on the fringes of a Capitol Hill neighborhood. Her parents were sharecroppers who had migrated to the city. Rosa Lee had eight children, six boys and two girls, over an 11 year stretch; she was 14 years old when she had her first born. While pregnant with her first child, Rosa Lee dropped out of school without having learned to read. At age 16, Rosa Lee got married; the marriage only lasted a few months. She supported her family by waitressing in†¦show more content†¦While in the Job Corps, Bobby earned his high school equivalency certificate and received training in cooking, business management, retail sales, and basic electronic equipment repair. Educational History (Family): Ronnie Explain: Ronnie dropped out of school in the 8th grade; he was 15 years old. Educational History (Family): Alvin Explain: When Alvin was 15 years old and in the 8th grade he had a teacher by the name of Gartell Franklin. Alvin soaked up the guidance and friendship of Franklin. Alvin joined an after school Black History Awareness group that Franklin had organized. Alvin regarded Franklin as more than just a teacher. When Alvin entered the 10th grade he got into a hallway fight and was suspended. He tried night school but found that the teachers were not committed or serious to their students; he dropped out. While in the Army, Alvin earned a high school equivalency certificate. When he returned home from the Army he enrolled in Washington’s Federal City College as a part-time undergraduate student. Educational History ( Family): Richard Explain: Richard dropped out of school in the 12th grade. Educational History (Family): Eric Explain: Up until Eric was 12 years old he found school an exercise in frustration and anxiety. In the 6th grade he met teacher Hank Wilson. Wilson worked with Eric and gave him special exercises and demonstrated to Eric that he had an aptitude for learning. WhenShow MoreRelatedThe Case of Rosa Lee2921 Words   |  12 PagesThe Case of Rosa Lee Neal DenDulk Liberty University The Case of Rosa Lee Case Study Name: Rosa Lee Cunningham DOB/Age: 52 Dates of Interviews: 10/07/1994 Evaluator: Neal DenDulk REASON FOR ASSESSMENT: Rosa Lee Cunningham is a 52 year old African-American single mother of eight, who is a long time heroin addict, and has an extensive criminal record. Of her eight children six of them have followed her in her life of addiction and crime. These crimes include everything from petty theft, to prostitutionRead MoreRosa Lee Story866 Words   |  4 PagesThe Rosa lee story Rosa Lee gave dash full access to her and her family life for four years, because she thought someone could learn from it. Rosa was born in Washington and was living a low class life, and often looked down up on for it . Rosa lee was brought up in a single parent house hold and when she entered jr. high her dad died. Rosa mom often struggled to take care of her and her siblings. Her mother gave birth to twenty-two kids, but only eleven survived. Rosa and her mom neverRead MoreRosa Lee Case Study4565 Words   |  19 PagesCase Study – Rosa Lee Cunningham Michael J. Rogers Liberty University Case Study – Rosa Lee Cunningham Name: Rosa Lee Cunningham Age: Born October 7, 1936 – age 54 at time of interview Dates of Interviews: Various through 1990 Evaluator: Michael Rogers REASON FOR ASSESSMENT: Rosa Lee is a 54-year old African American female. She is married but has not lived with her husband in over 40 years and has no regular contact with him. She has eight adult children, three of which intermittentlyRead MoreSample Resume : Rosa Lee3219 Words   |  13 PagesName: Rosa Lee Cunningham DOB/Age: October 7, 1936/ 56 years old Date of Interview: 02/10/2015 Evaluator: Rachel Cox BS, CSAC-I Reason for Assessment: Rosa Cunningham (full name is Rosa Lee) is a 53 year old African American female client of average height, slight build, and is appropriately groomed. She has 8 children, 2 of them being female and 6 males, all adults. Rosa is a widow and reached this status after being separated from her deceased husband for many years. Rosa is currently hospitalizedRead MoreRosa Lee s Personal Characteristics1477 Words   |  6 PagesRosa Lee’s Personal Characteristics Rosa Lee grews up as a poor African American women that had to face a lot of adversity. Her adversity started long before she was born. Rosa’s grandparents worked and lived on a farm as a sharecropper in North Carolina. This continued when Rosa is born. She is born into poverty. Her family is now living in Washington, D.C. Her mother continues with the traditions of her parents. Women should only be hardworking in the household. She tries to force this uponRead MoreRosa Lee : District Of Colombia Washington D.c922 Words   |  4 PagesRosa lee Residence: District of Colombia Washington D.C. Rosa Lee was motivated and driven to survive living as a single mother in the District of Colombia with her eight children. Rosa Lee residence was not as different from where she grew up. Rosa Lee lived in a low income area. Rosa Lee neighborhood involved negative and positive aspects. The methadone clinic where Rosa Lee attended was beneficial for Rosa Lee to overcome the addiction to heroin. There were some role models in Rosa Lee’s childrenRead MoreRosa Lee Has No Employment At The Current Time1480 Words   |  6 Pageschildren. Occupational functioning. Rosa Lee is currently unemployed and does not have any history of stable employment. She does not have any future job possibilities and it does not appear if Rosa Lee wants a job. Financial aspects. Rosa Lee has no employment at the current time. However, she does receive welfare assistance and social security. Rosa Lee has been consistently late in paying bills, which ends in her services being disconnected. Rosa Lee does not have the ability to manageRead MoreThe Courage Of Rosa Parks1566 Words   |  7 PagesRoxanne Williams Prof. Lobito Enc. 1101 April 19, 2016 The Courage of Rosa Parks ‘’Each person must live their life as a model for others.’’ (Rosa Parks) Rosa Parks was tired of the way African Americans were poorly treated. She took a stand by not obeying a demand to give up her seat to a white passenger on a Montgomery bus. Because of her bold action she became a model to millions. Parks was an African American woman who became known for her bravery, which helped to change the nation. ‘’ParksRead MoreMartin Luther King And Rosa Parks1574 Words   |  7 PagesMartin Luther King and Rosa Parks were inspirational leaders that contributed greatly towards the civil rights’ movement. Growing up as an African American racial discrimination had surrounded King and Park making it hard as colored people were unfairly treated. Both King and Park knew the inequalities and sought education to aid themselves in their unfair life. Despite this, Park and King were brought up responsibly by their parents, King was an active civil rights activist, participating in theRead MoreRosa Parks, the Mother of Civil Rights1060 Words   |  5 PagesRosa Parks was an African American woman who was brave enough to stand up to the whites. Even though she went to jail for what she did, she believes she did the right thing. What Rosa had done on the bus started boycotts and created more and more activists. People wonder if Rosa Parks was raised to stand up for herself or if she was supposed to stay quiet. Looking at Rosa’s life and what happened on the bus and beyond, it can be concluded that she was taught to take pride in her race. Rosa (McCauley)

New Media Entail Different Forms Of Media †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The New Media Entail Different Forms Of Media? Answer: Introducation New Media entail different forms of media that are contrasted with old media forms like radio, television and print media. The difference between these media forms and the old one is based on their interactive process and digital generation that allows users to access different types of information at the same time.[1] New media allows an interactive feedback that makes the user a participant at the same time. Twenty concepts have been advanced to assist in understanding contemporary media and communication.[2] This essay discusses three concepts of new media; mobile media, hacking and the Mobile Media Mobile phones are the most distributed ICT devices that are easily accessible everywhere. The international Telecommunications Union estimated 5.981 billion mobile phones by 2011, a number which must have almost doubled today. Today, mobile media is the leading communication tool since 80% of the worlds population has a mobile phone.[3] The use of these devices has evolved from voice carriage and text messaging to becoming a full media allowing users to access music, videos, games, photographs and internet from one single device.[4] This new features plus the rise of tablet devices have made mobile phones the most powerful media ever. Today mobile media has become part of daily life where users enjoy the cloud based technology advantages that are attached to them allowing users to either download ort stream content.[5] This has changed the world of communication technology since people can access and use media devices anywhere around the world. This technology seems to be evolving every day with the rise of applications which are being created to paly different features on the new form of media.[6] With this, mobile media has become part of daily life since they are being used to carry out every activity of peoples lives. In their near future, the media will be designed to read and control human functions apart from using it as communication tool. Hacking Hacking entail all activities that revolve around programming and design of software for different purposes. Hacking offers both positive and negative implications, where positive implications entail hackers working together to improve each others content for better features in their programs[7]. On the other hand, negative hacking effects on privacy, surveillance and computer security. Instances of leaking of sensitive information like WikiLeaks is a breach of national and private security.[8] This presents both benefits and threats to security and privacy to information. Hacking threatens to expose of any new technology and at the same time seek to increase high levels of transparency in different environments. A hackers world entail creating new technologies and algorithms that can keep information more secure or uncover secrets that may have been hidden from the general public. The rise of social media sites enables hackers to easily interact and at the same time share content with their followers.[9] The creation of cyberspace has led to new forms of crime that are driven by the need to explore information technology and at the same time, threaten the very existence of new media forms and the role that they play in the society. The digital divide The digital divide entail the gap that is crested in the population through different levels of access to ICT technologies. This is based on a combination of socio-economic factors and physical geographical patterns that give some populations advantage over others regarding access.[10] The digital divide composes global divide which is the differences of access among nations while social divide entail gaps that exist within a nation regarding access to internet related content that leads to different access levels among populations. The need to achieve global connectivity has been driven by the urge to reduce global digital divisions. Infrastructural resources have been put in place and even international bodies like the UN setting millennium development goals that describe the nature of infrastructure that needs to be put in place by all countries.[11] Reducing digital divisions is one way of allowing the globe to enjoy benefits associated with new media and bringing the benefits closer.[12] New media has created a different space within the world that has changed the world into a global village. This is through allowing interactive and feedback sessions of real time data among users.[13] The web has changed everything that ever existed since access to content is just a click away. Today new media through tools like social media and the internet are used in almost every activity to reach out to a wider base of people. This has been seen in political campaigns, civil society activities, and social life and even in academic forums to keep track of activities that happen around us.[14] New media forms have not reached their peak but rather, they are evolving to something bigger than what we are experiencing today. References Chen, W., and B. Wellman. 2004. "The global digital divide within and between countries." Journal of IT Society 1 (7): 39-45, 2004. DeFleur, Everette, E Dennis, and L. Melvin. 2010. Understanding media in the digital age : connections for communication, society, and culture. New York: Allyn Bacon. Flew, Terry. 2014. New Media. 4th. Oxford Univeristy Press. Graham, M. 2011. "Time machines and virtual portals: The spatialities of the digital divide." Progress in Development Studies 11 (3): 211-227. Halpern, D., and J. Gibbs. 2013. "Social media as a catalyst for online deliberation? Exploring the affordances of Facebook and YouTube for political expression." Computers in Human Behavior 1159-1168. Madon, S., N. Reinhard, D. Roode, and G. Walsham. 2007. "Digital inclusion projects in developing countries: Processes of institutionalization." Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Social Implications of Computers in Developing Countries. Sao Paulo. Towner, T. L. 2013. "All Political Participation is Socially Networked? New Media and the 2012 Election." Social Science Computer Review 1-15. Wasserman, Herman. 2007. "Is a New Worldwide Web Possible? An Explorative Comparison of the Use of ICTs by Two South African Social Movements." African Studies Review 50 (1): 109-131. [1] DeFleur, Everette, E Dennis, and L. Melvin, Understanding media in the digital age : connections for communication, society, and culture. (New York: Allyn Bacon, 2010),.12 [2] Flew, Terry, New Media, (4th. Oxford Univeristy Press, 2014) 24. [3] Ibid, 28 [4] Graham, M. , "Time machines and virtual portals: The spatialities of the digital divide." Progress in Development Studies 11 (3): 211-227(2011), 215. [5] Ibid, 16. [6]Ibid, 29 [7] Ibid, 24 [8] Ibid, 220. [9] Halpern, D., and J. Gibbs., "Social media as a catalyst for online deliberation? Exploring the affordances of Facebook and YouTube for political expression." Computers in Human Behavior 1159-1166, (2013), 1161. [10] Ibid, 25 [11] Madon, S., N. Reinhard, D. Roode, and G. Walsham., "Digital inclusion projects in developing countries: Processes of institutionalization(2007), 17. [12] Chen, W., and B. Wellman, "The global digital divide within and between countries." Journal of IT Society 1 (7): 39-45(2004), 41. [13] Wasserman, Herman, "Is a New Worldwide Web Possible? An Explorative Comparison of the Use of ICTs by Two South African Social Movements." African Studies Review 50 (1): 109-131, (2007), 124. [14] Towner, T. L., "All Political Participation is Socially Networked? New Media and the 2012 Election." Social Science Computer Review 1-15, (2013), 5.

Why Britain Succeded in Colonising North America an Example by

Why Britain Succeded in Colonising North America The original owners of America are not well known. History however has it that several Indian tribal cultures lived in North America before the arrival of the first Europeans. Europeans only came to know of this new world in 15th century through a man known as Columbus (Krause, B. (2004). The first European explorers were the Scandinavians. This team was lead by Leif Eriksson and his men who later settled in north east coast of America. This opened up this continent for more visitors and explorers. With time, the English ruled this land and had greater possession compared to their rival parties like Spain, France and Netherlands. The reasons for this success are outlined below. Need essay sample on "Why Britain Succeded in Colonising North America" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The English colonizers had a friendly way of treating the natives of the land (Wiki. answers, 2008). They dealt with them nicely and offered friendly terms. Some of the native inhabitants were given positions in leadership and the workers were paid well and promptly. This level of treatment was contrary to the styles of other colonial powers. England also introduced Christianity. This worked well because most of these native Indians believed in religion. They embraced Christianity because it explained their belief on the creation of the world. This gave English colonial power favor with the locals. English government exercised capitalism as a style of ruling. This encouraged many people to set up investments in the new colony in North America. This made it easy for the colonial rule to be put in place since many England citizens had occupied strategic locations in America. The government just moved in to take over the existing projects (Sparknotes 2008). English colonies had constant support from the motherland. This made the conquest very easy because key resources were sent from home. English colonies were governed by experienced staffs. These are people who must have held similar positions at home, and only got transfers to the new positions away from home. Success must have come to the English people partly because they had mastery of the terrain and geography of the new world. This strong geographical locale made it easy to maneuver during wars. They also found it easy to move from place to place. England as a country was more stable than other colonizers. Their good governance led by kings and queens provided a good economic backup during the conquest. Besides this, English army was also very strong and had superior weapons. These were used to fight the rival groups like France, Germany and also to fight against opposition from the native people. English people approached North America with an attitude of settling. This made the locals to accept them, compared to other powers that came with a mentality of getting gold and riches (NC encyclopedia. 2008). English middle class was wealthy and of great influence in the society. This made them venture out into the North America in pursuit of great opportunities. Their mother country later supported their initiative resulting into success of the colony. The naval force of England was also well trained and powerful. This team played a big role in concurring of the North American coast and in fighting other rival colonial powers (Bailey, T. Kennedy, D. Cohen, L 2000). Conclusion North America, earlier known as new land was discovered by ancient explorers. The first European power to settle in this zone was Spain. Even though hey were the pioneers, they later failed because their policies sidelined the natives of the land. England later succeeded in their conquest because they were friendly to the locals and also received support from home. Works cited Bailey, T. Kennedy, D. Cohen, L. (2000). The American pageant: history of the republic. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Krause, B. (2004). American history. Cambridge: Harvard university press. NC encyclopedia. (2008). First English Settlement in the New World. Sparknotes (2008). The Early English Colonies Wiki.answers. (2008). Why were the English colonies in North America successful?

Themes, Content and the Power of Music in Iron Man When the World Is Crumbling

Themes, Content and the Power of Music in Iron Man When the World Is Crumbling When it was announced that the Marvel Studios was going to adapt one of the audience’s most beloved stories into a major feature length movie, the audience was hyped. Everyone wanted to see Iron Man on the big screen, and, one must admit, Jon Favreau did not upset people’s expectations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Themes, Content and the Power of Music in Iron Man: When the World Is Crumbling specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Iron Man was huge not only because of the special effects, but also because of its likeable characters, the story arc of the lead hero, Tony Stark, and the complex ethical issues that the movie handled. While the key theme of the movie clearly revolves around Tony Stark, the millionaire, Favreau also renders a range of ethical and philosophical issues. Among the key ones, a man’s role in society should be named. Although Tony Stark seems to have all the power and money th at a man may dream of, his story arc is clearly geared towards recognizing his place under the sun and changing from an arrogant snob into a hero in every meaning of the word. Personal evolution, however, is not the only issue that the movie touches upon; Favreau offers his own take on political problems, including civil–military cooperation, terrorism in the Middle East, weapon trade, etc. Though widely considered misleading, the given interpretation of the current political issues is rather engaging and thought provoking. Adapting a comic book into a movie is not an easy task for two reasons, the first one being the necessity to keep the original content intact, at the same time fitting several volumes into ninety minutes of running time, and the second one being the need to translate a comic book story, that is, a primarily visual narration, into a complex virtual world, in which visual and acoustic elements are combined. Therefore, unlike in a comic book, in a movie, soun dtracks play a huge role, which can be illustrated by taking the Iron Man soundtracks as an example.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is no secret that taking the original story of the Iron Man without changing a few elements to add more credibility to it would have meant to shrink the range of the movie audience to the amount of the Iron Man diehard fans. The movie clearly needed a more mature character and a more serious atmosphere to it to look less goofy and at the same time retain its unique style. Seeing how very little could be added to the story to make the idea of a man building a suit for flying more realistic, it was decided to use music to make people believe that the characters are real and, more importantly, want them to be real. The results were stunning, with literally every single lighthearted moment balanced out with a heavy soundtrack. While the movie admittedly is too smart to take itself too seriously, the music adds the weight that the original story lacks to appeal to an average viewer, seeing how the number of soundtracks amounts to nineteen in the original release, and to twenty-seven in a DVD with extra scenes and director cuts. The soundtracks are remarkably versatile; instead of recycling one and the same concept by putting the emphasis on action scenes, the movie allows for a number of quiet and, honestly, very sincere moments. For instance, when Colonel Rhodes saves Stark’s life and the latter returns home, the first few seconds of the soundtrack actually land on a very peculiar note, leaving the feeling that the lead character experiences doubt and, perhaps, even fear. The first few notes of the â€Å"Vacation’s over,† therefore, open a set of ethical questions to the audience, making it clear that the leading character doubts whether the Iron Man should resume his rescue mission or let the state defense forces do their job. Not only does the theme make the character more humane and, therefore, more complex, but also raises the question whether becoming a vigilante is actually an ethically sober thing to do.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Themes, Content and the Power of Music in Iron Man: When the World Is Crumbling specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More â€Å"Vacation’s over† feels like the character is actually starting to breathe and live on his own; however, the very next second, a powerful orchestral motif makes it clear that the movie does not have the time to explore the character’s doubts – the reluctantly heroic chords show that a major blockbuster did not dare to venture into the depth of a complex drama. Nevertheless, the music does render the movie’s major themes successfully – it is just that the themes could have been explored in a much better way. To Ramin Djawadi’s credit, he does manage to address the major theme of the movie, the conflict of a rebel in the high class society, in a very impressive way. â€Å"Institutionalized,† with its aggressive beat and intense lyrics manages to render the emotions of a rebel who is restricted by the social boundaries: Sometimes I try to do things and it just doesnt work out the way I wanted to. I get real frustrated and I try hard to do it and I take my time and it doesnt work out the way I wanted to. (Marco Crdenas Soler 0:17–0:33) The seriousness of the issue raised in the movie, however, is often reduced by adding more laid-back music elements. For instance, the â€Å"Back in black/I hit the sack/It’s been too long I’m glad to be back† line from AC/DC’s â€Å"Back in Black† (Iron Man 1:04–1:07) is supposed to mark the first stage of the character’s evolution and define him as a self-assured million-dollar playboy. As the movie progresses and the character evolves, however, the soundtrack is becoming heavier, still lending Tony Stark a unique air of nonchalance and affording being ironic towards the latter, as the â€Å"Are Those Bullet Holes?† (Iron Man 126:01) shows. Speaking of music as a background for the characters to interact in, a number of movie directors seem to forget about the necessity to let the key film scenes breathe. As much as a movie needs music to create a specific mood, it is still required to have a couple of silent moments to let the atmosphere build up and to prepare the audience for another twist of the plot.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Luckily, Iron Man is one of the few movies that actually invites the audience to sink into its atmosphere and offers a decent payoff by using music as the means to put the emphasis on the climax. As the movie approaches the end credits and the leading character takes the floor at the conference, there is no soundtrack, and the entire scene seems rather ordinary and even mundane part of a life of a public person. However, after Tony Stark confesses to be the Iron Man, the next scene explodes with music, doubtlessly leaving a big impact. The music, therefore, serves as the means to render the characters’ emotions, as well as to create a specific atmosphere, like music should. Marco Crdenas SolerSuicidal Tendencies. â€Å"Institutionalized.† YouTube.  Iron Man. Dir. Jon Favreau. Perf. Robert Downey, Jr., Terrence Howard Jeff Bridges. Marvel Studios, 2008. Film.

Science 6..11-12 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Science 6..11-12 - Assignment Example Dead zones represent low-oxygen areas (hypoxic areas) in the world’s coastline and lakes. All organisms need oxygen to survive. The absence or low oxygen levels in these areas make it impossible for organisms to survive hence the term dead zone. The Gulf of Mexico gives a quintessential example of one such area. According to National Geographic, in 2010, the Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone was approximately 20,140 square kilometers. It has a seasonal hypoxic zone that forms every year in late summer. Its size varies from less than 5,000 square kilometers to approximately 22,000 square kilometers. The primary cause of dead zone formation is human activities. The upsurge in population has led to an increase in intensive agricultural and industrial activities. These activities lead to the emission of nitrogen and phosphorus into the environment i.e. soil, water and air. These are washed off into water basins such as oceans and lakes. These nutrients increase the fertility of the marine ecosystem; organisms like phytoplankton, algae and seaweed grow rapidly (algal bloom). This prevents the penetration of sunlight and absorption of oxygen by organisms living beneath the water surface leading to the reduction of the organisms immensely through death. Due to low-oxygen and available nutrients, the organisms (phytoplankton, algae and seaweed) eventually die and sink to the bottom of the sea where they are decomposed by bacteria. Oxygen can flow freely but is eventually used up by the process of decomposition leading to low-oxygen (hypoxia). Organisms that live beneath die or wither and others like the fish flee and a dead zone is formed. Several methods can be embraced to reduce the occurrence of dead zones. The use of synthetic fertilizers can be discontinued or reduced as they contain large quantities of nitrogen and phosphorus. Farmers can also use natural sources like compost and manure and adopt farming methods like contour cropping and no-till to reduce

Critical Thinking envi 423 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical Thinking envi 423 - Essay Example The US economy and particularly the value of dollar is very much dependent on the oil of the Middle East and this is the reason; she gives priority to Saudi Arabia and Israel in her foreign policy. All the readings provided during this course were marvelous and has the greatest intellect value. Moreover, the course contributed to enhance my world view and helped me to develop the analytical skill to understand the events in details. However, the following three issues contributed significantly to my learning in this course: The present age is called the ‘era of information’. Media that includes television channels, radio, newspapers, magazines, journals and World Wide Web is busy in generating knowledge for viewers, audiences and readers. The media has its own shortcomings and hence it moulds the information as it suits itself or its country. Every piece of reading or broadcast has some sort of information but this cannot be declared authentic or we can call it ‘disinformation’. Resultantly, the world view based on this ‘disinformation’ would definitely lead astray. Junline Assange coined the term ‘scientific journalism’ to deal with this menace but still this is a utopia. prolific speeches by professional orators, logical argumentations and misuse of even true information have become the hall mark of the present day media. Moreover, entertainment industry has become the largest industry of the world and even education is also being imparted through t he modern techniques of entertainment which led to the creation of new term of ‘infotainment’. All this entertainment stuff and dazzling media satisfies the sensory needs of human being and does not invoke contemplation. This fuss will end up with the emergence of psychological problems, and ideological width among human beings. There is a dire need to rein the media as it is taking undue benefit of its liberty under the tag of media freedom. Another issue that contributed

Principles of Economics Essay Example for Free

Principles of Economics Essay Suggest how an economist would approach the problem of alcohol abuse. Economics is about scarcity and choice. It is assumed that all human beings are rational thinkers hence would always choose to consume products that would give them maximum satisfaction or utility. Mankiw (2011, p. 6) argues that rational people ‘systematically and purposefully do the best to achieve objectives given available opportunity.’ Given a choice among alternatives and with scarce resources, one would evaluate the benefits and costs of consuming an extra unit of a product and would only take a decision only if marginal benefit is greater than marginal cost. In this case, to solve the alcohol abuse problem, one has to consider marginal benefits and marginal costs derived from consuming an extra unit of alcohol and since excessive drinking has more costs than benefits, one would refrain from alcohol. The opportunity cost foregone by choosing to abuse alcohol is too high compared to satisfaction derived; money spent on alcohol can do many other things such as feeding the family, education for children, and investments among others. Besides, the person may have health problems thus adding to the costs. By considering all these factors, a rational person would refrain from alcohol abuse. Heyne (2000) acknowledges the role played by incentives in directing behavior. For him, rational people usually respond to incentives or are induced to act by them. Assuming alcohol abusers are rational, imposing taxes on alcohol substances would eliminate the problem. This would follow the law of demand which states that other things being constant, if the price of a good increase, the quantity demanded of the good decreases. Taxes have the effect of increasing alcohol prices and this would automatically mean that the abusers would desist from alcohol consumption or cut their consumption. Analyze how prescription drugs affect the demand and supply of other products  and services in this country. Prescription drugs are drugs prescribed by a medical officer to a patient and are regulated by legislation unlike the over-the-counter drugs which can be old to anyone. If a patient is under prescription drugs, he/she buys the drugs despite the price of the drugs. An increase or decrease in price of the drugs therefore has little or no effect on the quantity demanded by an individual (McCarthy Schafermeyer, 2007). The drugs are provided by the National Health Insurance and have no close substitutes. The increase in price of the drugs thus affects all the sectors of healthcare industry such as patients and private insurers. Due to increased costs, the private insurers are forced to increase the cost of their services in case they have to offer such drugs and this may lead to low demand for their services. The patients are also required to get medical prescriptions before obtaining the drugs thus the demand for the medicine may be low compared to over-the-counter drugs. Use of prescription drugs also has an effect on demand for other healthcare services such as hospitalization. The prescription drugs also affect supply of generic products as manufacturers have patents to supply the new drugs for some years. Formulate a reason why elasticity of demand is an important consideration when analyzing the impact of a shift in supply and why the elasticity of supply is an important consideration when analyzing the impact of shift in demand. The price elasticity of demanded which is percentage change in quantity demanded over percentage change in price shows consumers responsiveness to price changes. (McKenzie Lee, 2006). It is an important consideration when analyzing the impact of a shift in supply and in determining if the firm should raise or lower its price. The supply curve is upward sloping showing a positive relationship between price and quantity supplied other things held constant. However, in long-run, those factors do change causing a shift in supply curve. Such factors include; input prices, technology, expectations and number of sellers in the market. For example, an increase in input prices such as labor would lead to a decrease in supply thus shifting the supply curve to the left. This results in low output which is  not able to satisfy the market demand thus pushing the prices up. An increase in prices according to the law of demand would lead to a fall in demand leading to excess supply and consequently fall in prices until an equilibrium is reached (Mankiw, 2011). However, the fall in quantity demanded will be determined by elasticity of demand. If the product has inelastic demand, an increase in price as a result of shift in supply would have no effect on demand thus suppliers would get more revenue. If demand for the product is elastic, an increase in price would lead to a massive reduction in quantity demanded and consequently lowering of prices and revenue. Shifts in demand curve are caused by other factors that affect demand except price. These include; income, price of related goods, tastes and preferences, expectations and number of buyers (Mankiw, 2011). Elasticity of supply shows the producers’ responsiveness to changes in price and is important in evaluating the impact of a shift in demand. For example, an increase in income would lead to an increase in demand depending on the type of the good thereby shifting the demand curve to the right. If it is an inferior good, an increase in income would lead to decrease in demand shifting the curve to the left. In this case, the good is normal. A shift in demand curve to the right would lead to an increase in price and quantity supplied. However, this is determined by elasticity of supply. If the good is elastic, a small increase in price would lead to a large increase in quantity supplied. This would in effect lead to excess supply forcing the prices to fall thus inducing an increase in quantity demanded but if the supply is inelastic, an increase in price would lead to a small increase in quantity supplied not enough to offset costs hence fall in revenue. Provide two examples of increasing-cost industries in your state and propose why they would have a positively sloped supply curve. According to McEachern (2010) increasing-cost industries occur as a result of entry of new firms due to increase in demand. An increase in demand results in high production costs and the average long-run average cost curve of each firm to shift upwards. The market is competitive and thus new firms enter the industry to share in the abnormal profits made by existing firms. However, as new firms enter, they compete thereby pushing up the production costs leading to low  profit or some firms are forced out of the market. This depends on how far the market supply curve shifts to interact with demand curve. The industry would have a positively sloped supply curve as an indication of the increasing costs. Examples of increasing-cost industries are housing construction and mobile companies which bid up prices for labor and raw materials. Suggest how, under certain conditions, a perfectly competitive market is economically efficient. A perfectly competitive market cant innovate, because all products are homogeneous and cant take advantage of cooperation. But if you define efficiency in a particularly useless way and choose only one definition of economic efficiency as well then there are certain conditions under which a perfectly competitive market is economically efficient.

The Awakening: Concepts of Morality :: essays research papers

The Awakening: Concepts of Morality   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The novel The Awakening, of which the author is Kate Chopin, drags its readers down into a poor mentality. The reader is shown how morals are scarcely used in common ordinance by Mrs. Pontellier. The reader is thrown from one incident of insubordination in a quarrel with Mr. Pontellier into her neglect for her children and then is heaved into Mrs. Pontellier’s obsessive nature as an adulteress.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Any insight into Mrs. Pontellier’s too-free-spirited nature would have one’s insides turn opposite of God’s Will. From the beginning of the book, the reader sees that Mrs. Pontellier is irrational, self-obsessed, and perhaps intolerable. This image is brought on by her insistent attitude that she must have everything in the manner that she desires. Her insubordination in this society would have the denizens of the time returning quite spiteful glances at Mrs. Pontellier. A quote to help one picture the ill-willed persistence carried by Mrs. Pontellier was mentioned when the book summarizes her emotions: â€Å"She perceived that her will had blazed up, stubborn and resistant. She could not at that moment have done other than denied and resisted (P.31).† Her insistent attitude also made her self-righteous and neglectful of other persons.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In other ways, Mrs. Pontellier’s morality led to a dreadful deceit of her own children. Her self-righteous mindset was damaging to her children’s vitality. The ways that she treated the children were full of neglect. As in a certain night, Mr. Pontellier returned home from work to find that one of his children had a fever. Mrs. Pontellier refused to look at the child because she stated that â€Å"He had gone to bed perfectly well . . . and nothing had ailed him all day (P.5).† Mr. Pontellier knew that his child had a fever, but could do nothing about it, and was left to ponder that his wife was a habitual neglecter of their children. He told her this and she did nothing. As a neutral detail, Mr. Pontellier had no idea what his beloved wife had on her mind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Mrs. Pontellier’s mind hovered the ever-present thought of another man, other than her husband. During most of the story, the man that Mrs. Pontellier fancied was Robert. Robert was an intriguing man that she met during the summers that were spent at Grand Isle. She had always been fond of the man, but he showed her little interest out of respect for her marriage.

Marketing Plan for the Body Shop Essay

Concealer is very popular and its market growth stable because of concealer is very useful to cover the imperfection on the skin. The Body Shop’s Tea Tree Concealer, which launched in 2009, is this marketing plan’s character. Tea Tree Concealer is a handy portable stick to conceal blemishes which without over drying the skin. It also produce with organic tea tree oil. Tea tree oil’s ingredient renowned for its anti-bacterial benefits and an infusion perfect to help blemished skin. Based on the SWOT analysis of Tea Tree Concealer, it mentions that Tea Tree Concealer needs to be more popular and needs to uses the gender segmentation that to enlarge the market with the men’s market because the demand of men’s cosmetics market is increasing especially of the concealer. Therefore, the marketing objectives are to enhance the promotion of Tea Tree Concealer that can increase 5-10% sales in short term; and in long term, The Body Shop can develop a Men’s Tea Tree Concealer to satisfy men’s satisfaction of concealer that the concealer can take care about men’s face skin. For the marketing strategies, for short term, the body shop can use promotion tools, such as advertising in Facebook, beauty magazines and promote next to the MTR escalator. Also, the body shop can give general customers 5-10% off discount for buying Tea Tree Concealer. And the VIP can get one more discount after the new product has got 5-10% discount. Moreover, The Body Shop can give out the sample for people like and share the post on The Body Shop’s Facebook page, after that show it to the staff, then they can get one  sample; and The Body Shop can have corporation with Mannings and Watsons. If people consume above $150, they can get a sample of The Body Shop. For long term, The Body Shop can use marketing mix (Product, Price, Place and Promotion), to increase the sales of Tea Tree Concealer and to open up the men’s concealer market, a men’s product that calls â€Å"Men’s Tea Tree Concealer†. In product strategy, The Body Shop can put in money on Research & Development, to develop the â€Å"Men’s Tea Tree Concealer†. In pricing strategy, Market-Penetration pricing is the company choice on setting price because the tea tree collection of The Body Shop is famous in Hong Kong but the tea tree concealer is not familiar with the men. In promotion strategy, The Body Shop can set up a special counter in shops, which is the company promotional product. Some salesperson will promote the new product as men may feel shy to buy make-up product so set up a counter is every shop help the company to find some target. Also, the company will give out some sample if people click ‘like’ in Facebook fans page and to have video promotional campaign, people who have tried to use our product can join this competition. The users have to make a video about the feedback from using new tea tree concealer; the top 10 participants who obtained highest ‘like’ on their video clips can win $1500 cash. For the marketing budget, Statement of Comprehensive Income that it is for the Promotion of Tea Tree Concealer & Men’s Tea Tree Concealer, it shows that it will have a profit in the end of the promotion of Tea Tree Concealer and also have a profit in develop a Men’s Tea Tree Concealer. ————————————————- Contents | Page| 1. Introduction | 4| 2. Current Marketing Situation Analysis * Background Information * Current Market Analysis * Competitor Analysis| 5 – 9| 3. SWOT Analysis| 10 – 11| 4. Marketing Objectives * Short Term * Long Term| 12| 5. Marketing Strategies * Short Term(Advertisement, Discount, Sample, Sponsorship) * Long Term(Marketing mix : Product, Price, Place and Promotion)| 13 – 15| 6. Marketing Tactics * Short Term * Long Term| 16 – 17| 7. Marketing Budget| 18 – 19| 8. Conclusion| 20| 9. Bibliography| 21| 10. Appendices| 22 – 28| ————————————————- Introduction â€Å"Do you want to be more beautiful?† Without doubt, ladies want to show the most beautiful face to others; therefore, they use lots of cosmetics, such as concealer, face primer, eye primer, lipgloss and eyebrow pencil. A lot of people strongly believed that concealer is the most useful cosmetics than others, because concealer is very useful to cover the imperfection on the skin. It is an important character which it can give people a better appearance. Thus, we decided to have a marketing plan for the concealer. Moreover, organic issue is very popular that it started in the past few years, for example, organic food and the products must produce with organic materials. So, we decided that the concealer must produce with organic materials. Finally, The Body Shop’s Tea Tree Concealer, which launched in 2009, has been the character in this marketing plan because Tea Tree Concealer is a concealer which it produces with organic tea tree oil. Tea tree oil’s ingredient renowned for its anti-bacterial benefits and an infusion perfect to help blemished skin The Body Shop uses the gender segmentation that the consumer market is mainly women. We can know from the lots of products collections are mainly decided for female, for instance, Vineyard Peach, Extra Virgin Minerals etc. Although cosmetics’ consumer market is mainly women, the demand of men’s cosmetics market is increasing especially of the concealer. This is because men need a better appearance that it is good for their work and interpersonal relationship. Therefore, The Body Shop needs to enlarge the market with the men’s market. Not only the women market is important, but also the men market. This marketing plan suggests some marketing strategies, which uses marketing mix (Product, Price, Place and Promotion), to increase the sales of Tea Tree Concealer and to open up the men’s concealer market, a men’s product that calls â€Å"Men’s Tea Tree Concealer†. For increasing sales of Tea Tree Concealer, we can mainly use promotion tools, such as advertising; and promotion mix strategies, such as push strategy and pull strategy. For open up the men’s concealer market, we can use product strategy, price strategy, place strategy and promotion strategy, to promote the new product, â€Å"Men’s Tea Tree Concealer†. The marketing plan for Tea Tree Concealer is presented as follow. ————————————————- Current Marketing Situation Analysis Background Information * L’Orà ©al – Company Overview The L’Orà ©al Group is the world’s largest cosmetics and beauty company. Over 500 brands and many thousands of individual products such as hair color, permanents, hair styling, body and skin care, cleansers, makeup and fragrances five worldwide research and development centers. There are two in France and one in the U.S, Japan and China. On 17 March 2006, L’Orà ©al purchased cosmetics company The Body Shop for  £652 million. Their slogan is â€Å"Because we’re worth it too† and the Head office is in the Centre Eugà ¨ne Schueller in Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine, near Paris. In 2003, L’Orà ©al announced its 19th consecutive year of double-digit growth. In 2007, L’Orà ©al was ranked 353 in the Fortune Global 500. The targeted markets of L’Orà ©al are mass, professional, luxury, and active cosmetics markets.They own interests in various activities such as fine chemicals, health, finance, design, advertising, insurance. * The Body Shop – Company Overview The Body Shop International plc, a part of the L’Orà ©al family, which specialized in producing beauty and cosmetics products. It is founded in the UK in 1976 by Dame Anita Roddick. There are more than 2,400 stores in 61 countries including Thailand, Australia and America. â€Å"The business of business should not just be about money, it should be about responsibility. It should be about public good, not private greed.’’ –said Dame Anita Roddick, founder of The Body Shop. The Body Shop creates a non-animal-testing and a fair trading company image. Every product is animal cruelty free and it is the first international cosmetics brand to be recognized under the Humane Cosmetics Standard for its Against Animal Testing policy. The Body Shop believes in fair trade, had set up own fair trade programme, called Community Trade. Community Trade works over 30 suppliers in more than 20 countries, providing over 25,000 people across the globe with essential income to build their futures. The Body Shop has five core values, which are Support Community Trade, Defend Human Rights, Against Animal Testing, Activate Self-Esteem and Protect Our Planet. Current Market Analysis * L’Orà ©al / The Body Shop In this section, we will divide into three parts related to market analyses. Frist, the market share of the L’Oreal in the world as The Body Shop is under this brand. Second, the market share of The Body Shop in the world and Hong Kong. Third, explain the target group and their needs of The Body Shop. First, the L’Oreal is a worldwide brand which its shops located in 130 countries. The largest market of the L’Oreal is Asia, Pacific, followed by Western Europe and Northern America, which means Asia has a very high potential to keep increasing. From the graph next to, Asia, Pacific share nearly one-third of the worldwide cosmetic market. Also, from the expectation of Euromonitor, the market share in Asia Pacific will be changed in 2013, the share of China will increase from 22% to 28 % Breakdown of the worldwide cosmetics market Breakdown of the worldwide cosmetics market Moreover, due to the improvement of the technology and increase in quality of life, more and more cosmetic products appear in the market, causing keen competition. In 2011, the L’Oreal is act as leading role in the world, which is 20% of sales more than the other. Second, The Body Shop promotes using organic material and adopting community fair trade, that’s suit the taste of people in the world which have a higher standard of environmental friendly. As the result, The Body Shop has become one of the top 20 cosmetic brands of the world in 2011. Furthermore, compare the sales in the past two years of The Body Shop, the sale increased from 2010 to 2011 in Western Europe and the New Market. The New Market refers to Asia, Pacific Area, for example, China and Middle East. Although we cannot judge that the market share has increased, we can compare the proportion of sales by geographic. The New Market increased 1.4% form 46.9% in 2010 to 48.3% in 2011. This means The New Market has become more important to The Body Shop. The Body Shop uses the gender segmentation that the consumer market is mainly women. We can know from the product collections of Vineyard Peach, Extra Virgin Minerals etc. These products are mainly decided for female, as skin  in different between female and male. Also, the Body Shop promotes using organic materials to make their products. Citizens improve their sense of environment, so the reasons for citizens to choose their cosmetic products not only force on the quality of the product but the level of environment friendly of the product. Furthermore, The Body Shop buys the raw materials under a fair trade system which they have fulfilled their social responsibility, the farmer can earn more compare to other products which do not adapt fair trade. Customers will consider this point as their decision criterion. Lastly, ‘there is only one way to beautiful, nature’s way.’ This slogan is very impressive for nowadays customers. It’s because there is a lot o f news or report point out that chemical has been put into cosmetic products. Also, as the quality of life increased, customers are willing to spend more money to buy nature products. * Concealer Market Concealer is very popular and its market growth stable because of concealer is very useful to cover the imperfection on the skin. It is an important character that it can give people a better appearance. This product is mainly used by women, but use among men is increasing. The concealer is a type of makeup used to cover under-eye circles, pimples and other small blemishes visible on the skin.The concealer also can cover redness and even body flaws such as birthmarks, scars and vitiligo. The market of concealer has intense competition, for instance, The Body Shop(Product name: Tea Tree Concealer), Bobbi Brown(Product name: Creamy Concealer), Cle de Peau Beaute(Product Name: Concealer), Beauty Tech(Product Name: Ice-cream Concealer ), MAC(Product Name: Select Cover Up), Shu Uemura(Product Name: Point Cealer) etc. Also, some of the concealer is especially for a part of skin: for example, whole face, under-eye circles, pimples. * Product Review – Tea Tree Concealer (The Body Shop) We are focus on The Body Shop’s Tea Tree Concealer, which launched in 2009. Tea Tree Concealer is a handy portable stick to conceal blemishes which without over drying the skin. It also produce with organic tea tree oil. Tea tree oil’s ingredient renowned for its anti-bacterial benefits and an infusion perfect to help blemished skin. Also, it traditionally used to promote healthy-looking skin and has fantastic skin moisturising properties. It costs HK$139 / 4.5g (2012’s price). Competitor Analysis * Jurlique Jurlique has spent 25 years to explore the organic and biodynamic ingredients and our unique Bio inherent â„ ¢ process to create the purest, most powerful skin care. From biodynamic farms in South Australia, the leading natural innovation, we have to unlock the potential of the combination of nature and science to create an effective product is beautiful. Just means you healthy, beautiful skin. The Jurlique farm: Their factory on the farm lived a pampered life. Jurlique’s founders searched the world’s richest, most clean on Earth, to build our farm. They found that, in Adelaide (Adelaide Hills). Today, this pristine environment is a wide variety of plants, herbs and flowers, and provides the natural forces Jurlique high performance mixed. As the only Australian beauty brand, our own certified biodynamic farm (NASAA, the National Association of Sustainable Agriculture, Australia certification), we can prove the purity of our harvest. We follow strict organic and biodynamic farming principles, in order to achieve our recognition. In order to maintain a perfect nature, we tend to pick the crop of hand-sorted. The nature of the work and do not oppose it, and we strive to create a richer soil, which means healthy plants, extract and more effective products. So this is a natural process, better farming more beautiful skin. Benefits: It is a natural skin tones covering cream, in order to help to reduce the appearance of defects. Also, it can help balance oily skin surface sebum moderate and can help protect environmental aggressors. Ingredients: The witch hazel extract objects and tea tree oil help to gently clean and moderate sebum in the skin surface. The marigolds and self-healing extract offers comfortable performance and help rebalance the sensitivity. Aloe extract and glycerin strongly hydrate, and helps to soften the skin. Grapefruit seed extract contains antioxidant properties and helps protect the skin against environmental damage. * Oriflame Oriflame was founded in Sweden in 1967 by Hanlin brothers, has become an international market in more than 60 countries around the world. Cosmetics direct selling company. Oriflame has a wide variety of innovative product lines, Sweden, natural beauty products â€Å"by 360 Million independent sales consultants are sold worldwide, and has created more than 1.5 billion euros a year in sales. It is natural beauty products from Sweden. Oriflame offers industry-leading career opportunities, and help people to earn income from the first day of added while moving. The goal of the current personal dreams and ambitions, this is our unique the career concept – â€Å"the creation of wealth today, tomorrow achievements Dream.† Respect for people and nature, become the basis of the company’s operating Philosophy, and is reflected in the company’s social and environmental policies. Oriflame co-founder of the World Children’s Fund, and contributions to numerous global philanthropy projects. Oriflame is a listed companies, the stock is listed on the NASDAQ OMX Nordic Exchange. ————————————————- SWOT Analysis We are focus on The Body Shop’s Tea Tree Concealer, which launched in 2009. We use the SWOT Analysis to analyse Tea Tree Concealer’s Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Strengths The Body Shop International plc is a part of the L’Orà ©al Corporate group. L’Orà ©al Corporate has a lot of capital, it can support The Body Shop International plc’s finance and it can have some large scale promotional campaign without consider financial problem. Also, the L’Orà ©al Corporate is the largest cosmetics and beauty company in the world. It is famous, so, The Body Shop International plc can use the L’Orà ©al Corporate’s brand name to have some promotion and it will be more effectively. Furthermore, the Body Shop International plc has a positive reputation and image because of their non-animal-testing and fair trading company image. It can attract some customers, who support non-animal-testing and fair trading, to buy the products. For the Tea Tree Concealer part, one of its strengths is that it is a handy portable stick. This is because customers can easily bring it goes out and leave in somewhere easily. After use the Tea Tree Concealer, it will be without over drying the skin and it is good for our skin too. Moreover, the Tea Tree Concealer is made of organic tea tree oil, which is not only an infusion perfect to help blemished skin, but it can also attract customers, who support using organic raw material, to buy it. Weaknesses The Tea Tree Concealer only has one color tone, it is not suitable for every because different people have different skin color. It only has one color tone that it can satisfy a little part of customers but not lots of customers. Without doubt, everyone has different skin, such as dry skin, oily skin, combination skin, normal skin and sensitive skin. The Tea Tree Concealer only has one type and it also cannot satisfy lots of people, only a little part of customers can use it. Also, as we all know, The Body Shop International plc is founded in the UK in 1976 by Dame Anita Roddick. It is a western company and their products might be more suitable for foreign people. Therefore, the Tea Tree Concealer may not be suitable for Asian. It cannot satisfy more people. Opportunities First of all, many existing cosmetics and skin-care products were tested on animals before they promote to the market in order to make sure the usage of them will not harm human bodies. However, The Body Shop against animals testing, every one of the products is animal cruelty free and vegetarian, which means we do not destroy the habitat of the animals and us. As a result, this is an opportunity of us to promote our product with this special characteristic. The second one is that the product have not taken care the men’s market. The skins of men and women are not the same, so do the needs of them. If we still only focus on the women’s market, our sales would only stay in the same level, so we should not only focus on the women’s needs but also the men’s to enlarge the market. As a result, this becomes one of the opportunities for the company to expand the men’s market and to increase sales volume. Third, the Body Shop is supporting Community Fair Trade, for example in Kenya. Most of the products contain Community Trade ingredients. This can attract customers who are also supporting Community Fair Trade. The body shop is also defending human rights, in order to treat all people in a fair and open fashion, to respect and value their integrity. Last, we are seeking and sustaining natural materials, and using planet’s resources wisely. These are the ways how we approach our environmental target, protect our planet. Threats The competition from competitors such as Jurlique’s natural skin tones covering cream who are also at the same level is keen. They are also providing same type of products and which are inexpensive to attract our same target groups. As a result, we have to consider about what are our vantages and extent them to get more awareness. Furthermore, the brand image of The Body Shop has become old, and is it not that attractive to the new young customers. So there is a need for The Body Shop to rebuild the image into fashion and vitality. ————————————————- Marketing Objectives Our marketing objective has two parts, one is short term and other one is long term. We will explain as follow. Short Term Based on the SWOT analysis of Tea Tree Concealer, it mentions that Tea Tree Concealer needs to be more popular. Therefore, the marketing objective is to enhance the promotion of Tea Tree Concealer that can increase 5-10% sales in short term. It means that we will increase 5-10% sales of Tea Tree Concealer in 5 months. Long Term As for the long term objectives of The Body Shop, it mainly has two steps want to achieve. 1. Develop a new tea tree concealer for men From different researches in the market, we know that the make-up market for men is now expanding; more men are more focus on their appearance for different perspectives. Therefore, The Body Shop should invent a new tea tree concealer for men only, which can focus on the needs of men, such as promotes healing of acne, keeps your skin elastic and improves appearance of wrinkles and fine lines. As a result, the company would like our research and development department can invent a men concealer within nine months’ time. 2. Sale 10000 concealer within six months The company aims at maximizing the profit of the company. If The Body Shop promotes the new product, â€Å"Men’s Tea Tree Concealer†, its focus on the needs of men, so The Body Shop can increase its profit as it promotes a new men product. The company will have a questionnaire in the future so that we can know more about our market, for example, setting our target group, the price that people can accept, which promotion strategies is the best for our market. As a result, we would like to sell 10,000 pieces of concealer within six months’ time, which is a measurable objective. ————————————————- Marketing Strategies Short term To mention the short term objective of the Body Shop, we mainly want to attract some new customers by the new products. On the other hand, we also need to make the original customers continues to consume on our brand. And thus, we have discussed four mainly short term strategy to achieve our aim. 1. Advertisement The Body Shop can have three major ways to show our advertisement. The first one is Facebook. Nowadays, Facebook is a popular website to let people share their feelings and photos. And Facebook in Hong Kong is also necessary to people. Thus, do promotion on Facebook is an effective way to make more people know our new products. The second one is magazines. Magazines major target is office workers and the teenagers, and this target group is same as our products. Therefore, promotion on the magazines one big page can easy to let our targets know our new products. And the third one is promote next to the MTR escalator. MTR has many streams of people every day. And it is free when the people are standing on the escalator. So, display on the escalator advertisement board is also easy to let people know our promotion. 2. Discount For the general customers, The Body Shop can give them 5-10% off discount. And the VIP can get one more discount after the new product has got 5-10% discount. It will be effective that the cheaper price can make the people try it and also it can conveniently to attract more people being The Body Shop VIP. 3. Sample The Body Shop can give out the sample more effectiveness. If we just commonly give out the sample on the street will wreck the value of product. And thus, we have planned to ask people like and share the post on Facebook, after that show it to the staff, then they can get one sample. This method can let people try our new product and also indirectly help our brand having a promotion simultaneously. 4. Sponsorship We try to have corporation with Mannings and Watsons. If people consume above $150, they can get a sample of Body Shop. Sponsorship can provides a great means of broadening our competitive edge by improving our company’s image prestige and credibility by supporting events that your target market finds attractive. Long term For the long term plan for the Body Shop, the company purposes one and half year plan, which help the Body Shop to achieve the goals on developing a new tea tree concealer for men and increase the sale for product. The company will divide the plan into 4Ps. Product: As we all know, the make-up market for men is now expending so the Body Shop should grab this golden opportunity to develop a new tea tree concealer for men only. The skin is different between men and women, the company should focus on the needs of the men’s skin purpose. The company target group is based on beneficial segmentation because our product is only for men who have acnes on their faces. Although we all know that the cost for Research & Development is very high, the company think that people will also come and buy our product. Recently the company has done a survey on the Body Shop and its products. The interviewees thought the Body Shop is popularization, people are able to afford the price range. Therefore, we think put in money on R & D, later on, the Body Shop not only can earn the profit, also earn the advertisement benefit as they not only care about women but also men. Price: Market-Penetration pricing is the company choice on setting price. The tea tree collection of the Body Shop is famous in Hong Kong but the tea tree concealer is not familiar with the men. Therefore, we decide that when the product first enters to the market, the company will set a relatively low price so that it can attract more customers and get feedback from the public. People will consider buying our product because of low price, after they have used, they can re-buy the company’s product. Moreover, in market there is just a little amount of concealer that is only men, our product must keep a competition with other products because if the price set very low from the average, other competitors will also set a very low price, this cannot help the company to maximize the profit, it will greater the loss. If we set a high price, people are not willing to buy the company product as there are other concealers available in the market. The company set a price on $159 per new tree concealer for men which is a reasonable price. Place: In order to let more people to know more about the new tea tree concealer for men, the company will set up a special counter in shops, which is the company promotional product. Some salesperson will promote the new product as men may feel shy to buy make-up product so set up a counter is every shop help the company to find some target. Promotion: First, the company will give out some sample if people click ‘like’ in Facebook fans page, with the advance of technology and the common of using smart phone, people are more easy to obtain different information online, so Facebook is an efficient channel to promote the new tea tree concealer. The  company will maximum given out 10000 sample tea tree concealer. Second, the company decides to have video promotional campaign, people who have tried to use our product can join this competition. The users have to make a video about the feedback from using new tea tree concealer; the top 10 participants who obtained highest ‘like’ on their video clips can win $1500 cash. In this way, we enjoy a promotional advantage as participants will share their video clip for one another so that more people will know about our product. Also, the participants can show a positive experience for the public, the public can see the positive sides of using the new tea tree concealer. ————————————————- Marketing Tactics The short term and long term’s action plan is presented as follow. It shows the different strategies use in different time. Short term Magazine Promotion Facebook Promotion Sample Sponsorship MTR Advertisement Discount 1st month 2nd month 3rd month 4th month 5th month Magazine Promotion Facebook Promotion Sample Sponsorship MTR Advertisement Discount 1st month 2nd month 3rd month 4th month 5th month Long term Research and Development of New Product Review Video Promotional Campaign Facebook Promotion Sample 1st 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th Months Research and Development of New Product Review Video Promotional Campaign Facebook Promotion Sample 1st 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th Months ————————————————- Marketing Budget | THE BODY SHOP| | | Statement of Comprehensive Income| | | (for the Promotion of Tea Tree Concealer & Men’s Tea Tree Concealer )| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Short Term (5 months)*| | Long Term (18 months)*| | | | | | Note| | HK$| | HK$| | | Sales| | | 1| | 4,170,000| | 1,590,000| | | Less: Cost of Goods sold| 2| | 1,876,500| | 715,500| | | Gross Profit| | | | 2,293,500| | 874,500| | | | | | | | | | | | | Expenses| | | | | | | | | | Advertising Expenses| | 3| | (520,000)| | -| | | Samples Expenses| | 4| | (646,350)| | (238,500)| | | Research and Development Expenses| 5| | -| | (400,000)| | | Promotional Booth| | 6| | -| | (29,500)| | | Video Promotional Campaign| 7| | -| | (15,000)| | | | | | | | (1,166,350)| | (683,000)| | | | | | | | | | | | | Net Profit| | | | | 1,127,150| | 191,500| | | | | | | | | | | | Statement of Comprehensive Income *Before having promotion, the sales is HK$ 3,750,000 in 5 months. **Long term’s sales period is 6 months. Note: 1. Sales: * Short term: HK$ 139 x 30,000 = HK$ 4,170,000 Sold 200 pieces of concealers a day; sold 30,000 pieces of concealers in 5 months. * Long term: HK$ 159 x 10,000 = HK$ 1,590,000 Sold 10,000 pieces of concealers in a half year. 2. Cost of Goods sold: According to Prudence concept, the cost of concealer is 45% of the price. * Short term: HK$ 4,170,000 x 45% = HK$ 1,876,500 * Long term: HK$ 1,590,000 x 45% = HK$ 715,500 3. Advertising Expenses: HK$ 1 x 500,000 + HK$ 20,000 = HK$ 520,000 $1 /page in magazine; 50 magazines; MTR Advertising Expenses HK$ 20,000/month. 4. Samples Expenses: The sample size will be the 1/3 of the original size, the cost of the sample also be the 1/3 of the original cost. * Short term: HK$ 20.85 x 31,000 = HK$ 646,350 Each sample costs HK$ 20.85 (HK$ 139 x 45% x 1/3); 31,000 pieces of sample. * Long term: HK$ 23.85 x 10,000 = HK$ 238,500 Each sample costs HK$ 23.85 (HK$ 159 x 45% x 1/3); 10,000 pieces of sample. 5. Research and Development Expenses: These expenses include research information’s cost and develop the Men’s Tea Tree Concealer’s cost. Around cost HK$ 400,000. 6. Promotional Booth: HK$ 500 x 59 = HK$ 29,500 Each store has a promotional Booth; It costs around HK$ 500 for each. The Body Shop has 49 stores in Hong Kong. And it has 10 booths as spare. 7. Video Promotional Campaign: HK$ 1,500 x 10 = HK$ 15,000 Each winner has $1500 cash. There are 10 winners in total. ————————————————- ————————————————- Conclusion In conclusion, based on the SWOT analysis of Tea Tree Concealer, it mentions that Tea Tree Concealer needs to be more popular and needs to uses the gender segmentation that to enlarge the market with the men’s market because the demand of men’s cosmetics market is increasing especially of the concealer. Therefore, the marketing objectives are to enhance the promotion of Tea Tree Concealer that can increase 5-10% sales in short term; and in long term, The Body Shop can develop a Men’s Tea Tree Concealer to satisfy  men’s satisfaction of concealer that the concealer can take care about men’s face skin. For the marketing strategies, for short term, the body shop can use promotion tools, such as advertising in Facebook, beauty magazines and promote next to the MTR escalator. Also, the body shop can give general customers 5-10% off discount for buying Tea Tree Concealer. And the VIP can get one more discount after the new product has got 5-10% discount. Moreover, The Body Shop can give out the sample for people like and share the post on The Body Shop’s Facebook page, after that show it to the staff, then they can get one sample; and The Body Shop can have corporation with Mannings and Watsons. If people consume above $150, they can get a sample of The Body Shop. For long term, The Body Shop can uses marketing mix (Product, Price, Place and Promotion), to increase the sales of Tea Tree Concealer and to open up the men’s concealer market, a men’s product that calls â€Å"Men’s Tea Tree Concealer†. In product strategy, The Body Shop can put in money on Research & Development, to develop the â€Å"Men’s Tea Tree Concealer†. In pricing strategy, Market-Penetration pricing is the company choice on setting price because the tea tree collection of The Body Shop is famous in Hong Kong but the tea tree concealer is not familiar with the men. In promotion strategy, The Body Shop can set up a special counter in shops, which is the company promotional product. Some salesperson will promote the new product as men may feel shy to buy make-up product so set up a counter is every shop help the company to find some target. Also, the company will give out some sample if people click ‘like’ in Facebook fans page and to have video promotional campaign, people who have tried to use our product can join this competition. The users have to make a video about the feedback from using new tea tree concealer; the top 10 participants who obtained highest ‘like’ on their video clips can win $1500 cash. For the marketing budget, Statement of Comprehensive Income that it is for the Promotion of Tea Tree Concealer & Men’s Tea Tree Concealer, it shows that it will have a profit in the end of the promotion of Tea Tree Concealer and also have a profit in develop a Men’s Tea Tree Concealer. ————————————————- Bibliography * The Body Shop (seen on 20th September 2012) http://www.thebodyshop.com.hk/tc/index.aspx * The Body Shop – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (seen on 20th September 2012) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bodyshop * L’Orà ©al (seen on 20th September 2012) http://www.loreal.com/_en/_ww/index.aspx * L’Orà ©al – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (seen on 20th September 2012) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loreal_Kids * Oriflame (seen on 8th November 2012) http://gb.oriflame.com/ * Oriflame – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (seen on 8th November 2012) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriflame * Jurlique (seen on 8th November 2012) http://www.jurlique.com/ * Skin Care – Jurlique – Hong Kong (seen on 8th November 2012) http://www.jurlique.hk/catalog/main.php?cPath=1 ————————————————- ————————————————- Appendices 1. Sample of the Questionnaire Questionnaire on The Body Shop’s Tea Tree Concealer| Hello, we are students of the Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education (Morrison Hill), we are conducting a project of Marketing, and is currently conducting a survey about The Body Shop Tea Tree Concealer. All of the information you provide in this questionnaire will not be used for commercial purposes, and destroyed at the end of the project-based learning. 1. What is your personal feeling or opinion towards â€Å"The Body Shop†? (1 is very bad while 5 is very good) Ã¥  £ 1 Ã¥  £ 2 Ã¥  £ 3 Ã¥  £ 4 Ã¥  £ 5 2. Which of the following vocabularies is/are to describe â€Å"The Body Shop†? (Can choose more than 1 answers) Ã¥  £ popularization Ã¥  £ with enterprise conscience Ã¥  £ expensive products Ã¥  £ good quality of products Ã¥  £ poor quality of products Ã¥  £ othersï ¼Å¡_______________ 3. Have you ever seen the tea tree concealer of The Body Shop? Ã¥  £ Yes ( go to question 4) Ã¥  £ No (go to question 5) 4. Have you ever bought this tea tree concealer before? Ã¥  £ Yes ( go to question 6) Ã¥  £ No (go to question 7) 5. As our product helps to protect from anti-bacterial and it is an infusion perfect to help blemished skin. Moreover, it promotes healthy-looking skin and has fantastic skin moisturizing properties. The size of the tea tree concealer is 4.5g which cost $139. After knowing the benefit out product, will you consider to buy it? Ã¥  £ Yes ( go to question 6) Ã¥  £ No (go to question 7) 6. Why will you choose to buy or consider our product? (Can choose more than 1 answers) (can choose more than 1 choice) Ã¥  £ Price consideration Ã¥  £ functions Ã¥  £ coupons Ã¥  £ influence by media Ã¥  £ functions of other brand’s products Ã¥  £ Others:_______________ 7. Why won’t you choose to buy or consider our product? (Can choose more than 1 answer) (can choose more than 1 choice) Ã¥  £ Price consideration Ã¥  £ functions Ã¥  £ Personal feeling Ã¥  £ I don’t do any make-up Ã¥  £ functions of other brand’s products Ã¥  £ Others:_______________ 8. What ways can attract you to buy our product? (Can choose more than 1 answer) (can choose more than 1 choice) Ã¥  £ Advertisement Ã¥  £ Discount / coupon Ã¥  £ Sample Ã¥  £ Gift / Present Ã¥  £ Others:_______________ 9. What is you gender? Ã¥  £ Female Ã¥  £ Male 10. What is your age group? Ã¥  £ 18 or below Ã¥  £ 19-25 Ã¥  £ 26-32 Ã¥  £ 33-39 Ã¥  £ 40 or above 11. What is you occupation? Ã¥  £ Banking / Finance Ã¥  £ Engineering Ã¥  £ Building / Construction Ã¥  £ Hotel / Tourism Ã¥  £ Education Ã¥  £ Retailing Ã¥  £ Beauty Care Ã¥  £ Others:_______________ ~ Thank You!! ~| The company has made an online questionnaire which is relate to this topic, as Cantonese is a common language in Hong Kong so the company decided to upload a Cantonese version to the public. The link is as follow: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/viewform?pli=1&formkey=dGNfd3ppOXNxc3JTVUVZMUdtdFVIS3c6MQ#gid=0 2. Result of the Survey 1. What is your personal feeling or opinion towards â€Å"The Body Shop†? (1 is very bad while 5 is very good) Before the company asks questions about the concealer, some background information about the brand name is needed. This question ask the interviewees to give marks on The Body Shop, the average marks is 3.83, nearly 70% of interviewees give more than the average marks so the Body Shop have a positive image in public. 2. Which of the following vocabularies is/are to describe â€Å"The Body Shop†? (Can choose more than 1 answers) As mentioned above, the Body Shop has a positive image so the company would like to know more about the opinions from the public. More than 80% of interviewees responded that the Body Shop is popular is Hong Kong, there are lots of shops in different parts. 32% and 52% of interviewees think the Body Shop run its business with enterprise conscience and the product quality is high respectively. However, 11% and 4% of interviewees have negative image on the Body Shop, they think the products are quite expensive and the quality is not really good. Therefore, we may consider the price while setting for the new tea tree concealer for men. 3. Have you ever seen the tea tree concealer of The Body Shop? The company should have some evaluation meeting on the promotion strategy on tea tree concealer as the nearly 60% of them have never seen the tea tree concealer before which cannot help the company to increase sales. Only 40% have ever seen the concealer before, this reflects the promotion is not strong enough. 4. Have you ever bought this tea tree concealer before? There are totally 59 interviewees responded that they have seen tea tree concealer before but only 40 of them which is nearly 70% have bought before, this seems to be a huge number. However, overall speaking, for all the interviewees, there are only 29% of them bought it. This is not a good situation because only few amounts of people have bought before. 5. As our product helps to protect from anti-bacterial and it is an infusion perfect to help blemished skin. Moreover, it promotes healthy-looking skin and has fantastic skin moisturizing properties. The size of the tea tree concealer is 4.5g which cost $139. After knowing the benefit out product, will you consider to buy it? For another 79 interviewees, 50 of them will consider to buy tea tree concealer, which is 63%. This means there is higher potential for our market to expand. It’s because the public don’t know about the advantages of the tea tree product. From this question, we know that our promotion is not strong enough so we have to improve in future. Also, people may consider about the benefit of the product which is an important element for customers to choose. 6. Why will you choose to buy or consider our product? (Can choose more than 1 answers) For this question, the number of interviewees have to answer is 90, this question aim to find the reason for customer to consider buying our product. 77of the interviewees think that the functions and benefits is very important, 74 of them think the price is reasonable to afford, this means people are consider about the quality and price. Moreover, affected by the other competitors and brands, people will choose to buy the tea tree concealer from the Body Shop. So when the company decides to develop the new tea tree concealer for men, some specific function should be added on in order to attract more people to buy. 7. Why won’t you choose to buy or consider our product? (Can choose more than 1 answer) For this question, the number of interviewees have to answer this question is 48. 25 of them responded they don’t make –up so this group of people is not the company target. 27 of them think the price is relatively high which is a disadvantage, also there have to face the competition from other brands, so people will affect by other company. 8. What ways can attract you to buy our product? (Can choose more than 1 answer) (can choose more than 1 choice) In order to set the company promotional strategy, this question ask about which ways can attract people to buy the tea tree concealer. 85% of them think discounts and coupons are very attractive for them to buy. Moreover, give out samples is also a good way to promote the tea tree concealer. 92 of the interviewees think that gift is quite attractive as they can try to us our product. If the feedback is good, they will re-buy the company’s product. 9. What is you gender? For this questionnaire, there are 87 males and 51 females have answered our questionnaire. 10. What is your age group? Nearly half of the interviewees belong to age between 19 and 25 and 30% are belong to age between 26 and 32. 11. What is you occupation? 33% of the interviewees are students who don’t have enough buying power which may affect our result a little bit. Moreover, the remaining interviewees are